Who proposed the laws of planetary motion?

Johannes Kepler, a German astronomer, proposed the three laws of planetary motion in the early 17th century. These laws describe elliptical orbits, equal areas in equal times, and the relationship between orbital periods and distances. Kepler’s work laid the foundation for modern astronomy. Options A (Newton, known for gravity), C (Galileo, telescope observations), and D (Copernicus, heliocentric model) are incorrect, as Kepler specifically formulated the laws governing planetary motion.