_______ is warfare that is conducted primarily through non-kinetic military action.

Fourth-generation warfare refers to conflict characterized by non-traditional tactics including psychological operations; cyber attacks; propaganda; and terrorism rather than direct military confrontation. It blurs the lines between war and politics; soldiers and civilians. This type of warfare often involves decentralized groups fighting against states; making it difficult to defeat with conventional strategies. Modern conflicts frequently include fourth-generation elements as technology and media amplify their effects. Understanding such forms of warfare is crucial for national security planning in the contemporary world.