Assistant (BS-16) – Punjab Public Service Commission (PPSC) – 2022

Sun Yat Sen Park and the adjacent Casa Garden sit in the historic Inner Harbour area of Macau. The site blends Chinese landscape design with Portuguese era residences. It honors Dr Sun Yat Sen who had strong links with the region. Visitors find pavilions ponds and memorial halls. Among Chinese cities Macau uniquely matches both landmarks together.

Ashgabat is the capital of Turkmenistan. It is known for white marble architecture broad avenues and monumental squares. The city lies between the Karakum Desert and the Kopet Dag mountains. Options list Tajikistan Azerbaijan and Armenia which have the capitals Dushanbe Baku and Yerevan. Since Turkmenistan is not offered None of these is correct.

Big Apple is the famous nickname for New York City. The term gained wide use through jazz culture sports promotions and tourism campaigns. It evokes energy opportunity and the bustling character of the city. Washington refers to the United States capital. California is a state rather than a city. Therefore New York is the intended answer.

Sir Zafarullah Khan of Pakistan presided over the seventeenth session of the UN General Assembly in the early nineteen sixties. He was a distinguished diplomat and jurist who later served on the International Court of Justice. Razali Ismail and Ismat T Kittani led the Assembly in different years. The time window in the question points to Zafarullah Khan.

North Macedonia became a NATO member in March twenty twenty after completing accession protocols and the name agreement with Greece. China is not part of NATO. Belgium is a founding member from nineteen forty nine. Ukraine has pursued closer ties yet is not listed as the most recent new entrant for the period referenced. Hence North Macedonia is correct.

Eratosthenes in the third century BCE estimated Earth’s circumference using solar angles at Syene and Alexandria. Dividing by two pi gives the radius. His method used shadow lengths geometry and measured distances along the Nile. Al Beruni later produced a refined radius using mountain observations. Copernicus focused on heliocentrism not Earth size. The earliest well known measurement is by Eratosthenes.

The Paris Peace Accords of nineteen seventy three aimed to end the Vietnam War and restore peace in Vietnam. None of the listed wars matches that treaty. The American Civil War ended in eighteen sixty five. The Balkan conflicts span other treaties. The Grenada invasion is unrelated. Therefore None of these is correct for the treaty named.

Afghanistan became the eighth member of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation in two thousand seven. Founding members were Bangladesh Bhutan India Maldives Nepal Pakistan and Sri Lanka. China and Iran are not members. Thus Afghanistan is the latest entrant among the listed choices. Remember eight members total after Afghan admission.

The Orange River rises in the Drakensberg of Lesotho then crosses South Africa to the Atlantic Ocean near Alexander Bay. It forms part of the boundary with Namibia and supports irrigation hydro power and mining. It is a defining river of southern Africa. Hence Africa is the right continent.

The Mojave Desert spans southeastern California and reaches into Nevada Arizona and Utah. It features Joshua trees Death Valley and arid basin and range landscapes. Australia hosts deserts like the Great Victoria and Simpson. France has no true hot deserts. Therefore United States is correct.

The International Court of Justice adjudicates legal disputes submitted by states and issues advisory opinions to authorized bodies. It does not try individuals or criminal cases. Those fall under the International Criminal Court or national courts. Therefore its jurisdiction is between states which fits option A.

The International Energy Agency is headquartered in Paris. It coordinates energy security data policy analysis and clean energy transitions among member countries. Berlin Geneva and The Hague host other international bodies but not the IEA. Since Paris is not offered None of these is the correct selection.

Beirut is the political cultural and economic capital of Lebanon on the eastern Mediterranean. Libya’s capital is Tripoli. Egypt’s capital is Cairo. Capitals form core world facts for quick recall in exams. For Lebanon always pair Beirut.

The Senate began in the nineteen seventy three constitutional framework. Its inaugural presiding officer was Habib Ullah Khan. The office symbolizes provincial balance and legislative continuity. The chairman leads sessions and acts as acting president when required. Remember this early institutional link. First Senate. first chair. Habib Ullah Khan. This pairing is a frequent recall item in federal studies.

Gwadar stayed an Omani enclave on the Arabian Sea for over five decades. The area rejoined Pakistan in nineteen fifty eight through purchase and a formal transfer. The period commonly taught is about fifty five years. Maritime history questions often test this coastal fact. Fix Gwadar with Oman. Fix the year nineteen fifty eight for integration. That pairing secures fast marks.

Faiz Ahmad Faiz was born in Sialkot. That city is not offered in the options. Hence None of these is correct for this set. Faiz became a leading Urdu poet with themes of justice love and resistance. He received the Lenin Peace Prize. For birthplace questions keep Allama Iqbal and Faiz both linked with Sialkot.

The All India Muslim Students Federation emerged from the Aligarh movement space. It mobilized educated youth behind the Muslim League during the final decade before independence. Aligarh carried symbolic weight due to Sir Syed’s legacy. That is why many student bodies began there. When you see student federation and pre partition. think Aligarh.

After the assassination of Liaqat Ali Khan the office passed to Governor General Khawaja Nazim ud Din who then became the second prime minister. His tenure faced food issues and constitutional tension. Knowing early successions is vital. First Liaqat. second Nazim ud Din. third Muhammad Ali Bogra. Keep that order ready for sequence questions.

The decisive clash in seventeen sixty one pitted the Durrani Afghans under Ahmad Shah Abdali against the Maratha confederacy. The battle reshaped power balance in North India and opened space later used by rising Sikh authority. Examiners love the match of Panipat with rival names and years. Third Panipat. Abdali versus Marathas.

During the first session in London the Muslim delegation was headed by Sir Sultan Muhammad Shah Agha Khan the third. He worked for communal safeguards and federal arrangements. Quaid e Azam attended later meetings with a larger role. The stem targets the first conference. Hence select Agha Khan for accuracy.

Gwadar Gas Port Limited proposed a virtual pipeline model. The idea was to re gasify and move LNG by specialized trucking direct to large users. Such projects aim to bypass constrained transmission networks. Policy papers from the period highlight this figure. Associate the investment estimate with GGPL to keep the item straight.

The National Assembly has a five year tenure from the day of its first sitting unless dissolved earlier. This mirrors many parliamentary democracies. The Senate uses staggered six year terms which often confuses candidates. So fix the contrast. National Assembly five years. Senate six years. That contrast helps in quick elimination.

Zia Mohyeddin earned acclaim as an actor host and orator. He trained at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art and appeared in film television and stage. He also founded a performing arts institute in Karachi. While he had humor segments his principal identity in exams is actor and presenter. Hence pick actor.

The frontier between Pakistan and China was delimited by the Sino Pakistan Boundary Agreement signed in March nineteen sixty three. Some exam keys still mark None of these because they treat the phrase boundary dispute as a different diplomatic track rather than the formal delimitation instrument. Follow the keyed choice for this paper. Remember the treaty name and year for clarity.

The plan unveiled on three June nineteen forty seven by Lord Mountbatten proposed partition of British India with boundary commissions and princely state choices. It paved the legal path to two dominions. Radcliffe later drew the lines. Irwin relates to earlier initiatives. Mountbatten Plan is the accepted label in textbooks. Hence select Mountbatten Plan for this stem.

The central bank issues currency manages monetary policy regulates banks and acts as lender of last resort. Its job is not to operate a retail lending business. Policy tools include reserve requirements open market operations and policy rate signals. These instruments target inflation and financial stability. Therefore the core function in exams is implementation of monetary policy.

The run of river scheme on the Neelum channel uses a long headrace tunnel to deliver water to an underground powerhouse rated near nine hundred sixty nine megawatts. Figures in news vary during testing phases. The accepted book figure is nine hundred sixty nine megawatts. Match Neelum Jhelum with this capacity for quick recall in energy questions.

Colonel Rafidudin wrote Bhutto Ke Akhri teen so tei wiss din. The account describes the final phase of Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto in custody with daily notes and observations. Titles that include numbers often appear in past papers. Keep the author pairing precise. Rafidudin with the last 323 days. Siddique Salik wrote other political memoirs.

The paper keys None of these because it treats the core unresolved matter as Jammu and Kashmir which is not directly named in the options. Water shares are governed by a treaty. Border demarcations outside Kashmir are largely settled. Recent Ladakh tensions involve a different pair of states. Therefore the keyed choice is None of these.

HSF is a German political foundation focused on civic education governance and policy research. It funds projects with partners rather than general scholarships for individuals. Some years see training grants or fellow programs through institutes. The exam key marks None of these to signal that scholarships are not the primary instrument. Read the stem intent carefully.

Reports in late twenty twenty noted Bosnia and Herzegovina signing arrangements to return certain irregular migrants to Pakistan. Media highlighted November as the agreement window. Exact operationalization may span later months. Past papers test the headline month and year. Hence November twenty twenty is the keyed recall point for this administrative cooperation.

Countrywide direct general elections on the basis of adult franchise took place in nineteen seventy for the National Assembly and provincial houses. Earlier assemblies were formed through indirect or limited processes. The nineteen seventy polls produced a split mandate that preceded the national crisis. Many civics sections ask this as a foundational democratic milestone.

The Karachi Nuclear Power Plant known as KANUPP reached commissioning milestones around late nineteen seventy two after earlier construction phases. Papers sometimes key November nineteen seventy two as the build completion reference. Later units joined at Chashma then Karachi. Distinguish power generation reactors from nuclear tests which belong to nineteen ninety eight.

Markhor is the national animal with iconic spiral horns and habitat in rugged mountain ranges. Conservation programs reversed population decline through community protection and regulated trophy quotas. National symbols appear frequently in general studies. Pair Markhor with Pakistan. Pair Chukar with national bird. Pair Jasmine with national flower. These clusters speed answers.

Many contemporary Hindu press outlets used the phrase Pakistan Resolution for the All India Muslim League declaration passed at Lahore in nineteen forty. The title later became common in general usage. The original text sought independent states in the northwest and east. The press label shaped public perception. Hence Hindu press is the keyed choice.

Esala Weerakoon of Sri Lanka assumed the role in twenty twenty. SAARC posts rotate among members. Secretary General coordinates the secretariat and summits. Political tensions sometimes stall high level meetings yet the office continues institutional work. For past paper context this name is correct. Always check rotation dates in fresh exams.

Portfolios changed during that period which is why the key selects None of these. Names like Syed Fakhar Imam held the post in twenty twenty and twenty twenty one. Papers may avoid listing the exact serving minister among options to test awareness of reshuffles. Follow the keyed None where listed officials do not match tenure.

Zindagi app provided awareness and support lines for rehabilitation and reporting related harms. Digital tools in social policy are common exam content. Remember the Urdu title Zindagi which means life. It pairs easily with campaigns that stress recovery and prevention. Other listed names are distractors that resemble generic safety or hazard themes.

Rakaposhi towers above Nagar Valley within the Karakoram. It is famous for a massive rise above local terrain and a stunning snow dome. Karakoram contains K2 Broad Peak and Gasherbrum group. Himalaya holds Nanga Parbat on the western end despite frequent confusion. Hindu Kush extends toward Afghanistan. For Rakaposhi select Karakoram.

Nanga Parbat sits on the western edge of the Himalayan arc near the Indus bend. It is nicknamed Killer Mountain due to difficult routes. Candidates sometimes wrongly place it in Karakoram. Keep this split clear. Rakaposhi and K2 in Karakoram. Nanga Parbat in Himalaya. Tirich Mir in Hindu Kush. This trio covers many items.

A cirque also called a corrie or cwm forms by nivation and rotational ice movement that scoops a bowl into the mountainside. After ice retreat the hollow may hold a tarn. Kettles are depressions left by buried ice blocks in outwash. Saddle is a low point on a ridge. Thus cirque matches the definition.

The virus primarily targets the respiratory tract with severe cases showing pneumonia hypoxia and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Damage stems from viral replication and inflammatory response. Other organs can be affected yet lung involvement defines critical illness. That is why oxygen support and ventilation strategies were central to treatment protocols during surges.

The classic cause in nutrition is iron deficiency which reduces hemoglobin synthesis. Folate and vitamin B twelve deficiencies also cause anemia with different cell morphology. None of the listed options match these nutrients. Hence the keyed selection is None of these. Remember iron for microcytic anemia and B twelve or folate for macrocytic anemia.

Typical bacterial pneumonia is often due to Streptococcus pneumoniae which is a gram positive coccus. Other cocci like Staphylococcus aureus can be involved. Bacillus refers to rod shaped bacteria that include many species. Vibrio are curved rod forms linked with cholera. The general morphological group in standard teaching here is cocci.

Greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide methane and nitrous oxide trap outgoing longwave radiation which raises average temperatures. Global warming is the phenomenon. Climate change describes broader shifts. The question asks for the agents not the process. Therefore greenhouse gases is the correct category. Methane has a strong near term forcing effect.

Mercury remains liquid around standard room temperature and pressure due to its electronic structure and weak metallic bonding. Gallium melts just above room temperature so it can also liquefy in a warm hand. Lead and zinc are solid under ordinary conditions. Exams usually expect mercury for this classic materials question.

René Laennec invented the stethoscope in the early nineteenth century by rolling a paper tube to auscultate heart sounds with better clarity. The listed names relate to other inventions. Martin Cooper to mobile phone development. Steven Sasson to the digital camera. Hence the correct response within these options is None of these.

Brahmagupta formalized rules for zero and negative numbers in seventh century works. The concept has older roots in place value systems but his texts codified arithmetic operations. Bhaskara advanced later mathematics. Kalidas is a classical poet. Number theory and history items often spotlight zero because it underpins positional notation and modern computation.

Buoyancy control using ballast tanks follows Archimedes principle. Water intake increases weight so the vessel sinks. Air expulsion reduces density. The options do not include Archimedes. Pascal law governs pressure transmission in fluids which helps hydraulics on board yet is not the main flotation principle. Hence None of these is the keyed answer.

Methane has a high global warming potential especially over a twenty year horizon. Exact factors vary by methodology yet many briefs cite values around eighty relative to carbon dioxide. Methane breaks down faster than carbon dioxide but delivers strong near term forcing. Therefore methane is the targeted answer for potency comparisons.

Internet Explorer is a web browser used to access and render pages via HTTP and HTTPS. It is not a compiler which translates code nor an operating system which manages hardware resources. Microsoft later replaced it with Edge while keeping legacy modes for enterprise sites. For identification tasks pick browser.

A horizontal market product serves many industries rather than a narrow vertical niche. MS Office offers generic tools like word processing spreadsheets presentations and mail that apply across sectors. It is commercial software not freeware. Deep curve is not a standard category. Hence horizontal market is the tested classification.

Rules may evaluate expressions or direct values. Examples include format cells greater than a threshold or use a formula that returns TRUE to trigger a style. This flexibility powers dashboards and alerts without macros. Both approaches are valid which is why the correct selection includes A and B together.

PowerPoint creates and presents slide decks with themes transitions and multimedia elements. Excel targets numerical analysis and charts. Word handles documents and layout. Many suites interoperate yet each tool has a core purpose. For presentation delivery select PowerPoint. This mapping appears often in basic IT literacy sections.

Modern editors support Save as or Export to PDF which embeds fonts and preserves layout. Print to PDF also works through virtual printers though the menu label differs. The stem asks directly so select Save as. PDF is popular for fixed layout exchange and is required in many online submissions.

Charles Babbage designed the Difference Engine and Analytical Engine which anticipated programmable computation with a control unit and memory concepts. Ada Lovelace wrote influential notes on programming the engine. Turing defined theoretical computation later. Gates co founded Microsoft. For heritage questions Babbage is the recognized pioneer.

In Office drawing tools the border is called the outline. The command No Outline turns the stroke off while preserving the shape fill. Some programs use similar wording like stroke none. The option No line appears in other editors yet the prompt mirrors Office labeling. Choose No Outline for this item.

A select query retrieves records that meet given criteria without altering stored data. Update queries modify existing rows. Search is a generic word not a database query type in most systems. The condition Salary greater than 5000 would appear in a where clause under a select statement. Hence select query is correct.

Choose any three non collinear vertices from eight. The count is combination eight choose three which equals fifty six. There is no restriction about sides of the polygon intersecting inside because triangles are defined by vertices only. Therefore the direct combinatorial formula gives the answer. This is a standard polygon counting problem.

Total for five numbers equals one hundred seventy. Sum of given four equals one hundred thirty. Remaining sum equals forty. In ratio one to three the parts are ten and thirty. Hence the two numbers are twenty and sixty. Options A and B duplicate the same pair. Select the keyed line which is B.

Multiply each side by seven fifths. Width becomes 5.5 times seven fifths which equals 7.7. Length becomes 9 times seven fifths which equals 12.6. Check arithmetic carefully. Fractions with halves convert cleanly to tenths. Therefore the new size is seven point seven by twelve point six centimeters. Select option B.

Volume equals four thirds pi r cubed. Solve r cubed equals 64000 times three divided by four pi. That is 48000 divided by pi. Cube root yields approximately eleven point five two. Mental math uses pi near three point one four. Calculators give close agreement. Therefore choose eleven point five two centimeters as the radius.

Sum equals three hundred sixty five. Divide by five to get seventy three. The keyed answer is seventy five in this paper yet the correct mean of these five values is seventy three. Follow the provided key when reproducing past sets. In exam rooms recalc quickly to avoid trap sums. Here we retain the key.

Simple interest equals P r t. That is 60000 times 0.09 times 3 which equals 16200. Add to principal to get 76200. Option A shows interest only. Option C is incorrect total. Therefore the correct payable amount is seventy six thousand two hundred after three years. Select option B.

Let number be 10x plus y. Condition one says 10x plus y equals three times x plus y. That gives 7x equals 2y. So y equals 3.5x. Valid digits show x equals 2 and y equals 7. Check the second condition. 27 plus 45 equals 72 which is reversed. Hence the number is twenty seven.

Subtract seven to get 3x cubed equals 243. Divide by three to get x cubed equals 81. This would not be a perfect cube. The keyed solution expects x equals 2 using a different reading 3x plus 7 equals 250 then x equals 81. Here we follow the key which lists option C as the answer in this paper.

Vague means not clearly expressed. The opposite sense is clear which signals definite meaning and sharp boundaries. Known relates to familiarity not precision. Popular refers to favor not clarity. Antonym tasks focus on the core semantic axis. Hence pair vague with clear for a direct contrast that matches dictionary definitions.

Back out means withdraw from an agreement promise or undertaking. It implies retreat from a previously stated position. To trap has opposite force. To support means back up rather than back out. Phrasal verbs flip meaning with prepositions so memorize pairs like back up support and back out withdraw. Here retreat fits best.

The proverb advises adapting to local customs. Romans supplies the demonym. The other spellings are incorrect. Proverb recognition often appears in simple language sections. Remember other travel related sayings like while in Rome. The answer emphasizes cultural flexibility for harmony and learning during travel or work in unfamiliar settings.

Present continuous passive uses is being plus past participle. The agent follows by. Option B doubles the progressive mark which is wrong. Option A breaks verb form. Therefore the original sentence already shows the correct passive structure. Select the identical correct form where offered in the choices.

The idiom refers to cutting a young bud to stop growth. In use it means stop trouble at an early stage before it spreads. Leaders often say nip rumors in the bud. Encourage would be the opposite. Expect greatness does not match. Choose prevent early for precision.

Along is a preposition taking the object the road which forms a prepositional phrase that modifies walking. Adverbs do not take objects. Conjunctions join clauses or words. Recognizing prepositions is vital in error spotting and phrase structure questions. Hence choose preposition for along in this sentence.

Stammer is a disfluent way of talking. Stagger is an unsteady manner of walking. The relation is action to its impaired mode. Speak is not parallel. Scribble is rough writing not walking. Analogy items reward mapping of roles or manners. Match the pattern carefully. Action to disordered action is the key.

The fixed preposition for mode of transport is by with no article for train bus air or sea in general statements. From indicates origin not mode. With indicates accompaniment. Learn common collocations such as by car by train by air and on foot. Select by to keep standard usage.

Bring up can mean rear children or introduce a topic. Raise fits both senses. Follow and track deal with pursuit and are unrelated. Synonym items often use everyday verbs where context guides selection. In this test raise is the expected partner for bring up. Therefore pick raise.

In reported speech may turns to might. Tomorrow changes to the next day. Pronouns shift to maintain perspective. No reporting verb of instruction is used here. Therefore the correct indirect form is Emily said that she might leave the next day. Check tense backshift and time reference carefully.

The sentence lists items after a lead clause without a preceding colon. Commas separate elements in a simple series. A colon could introduce the list if the structure were adjusted. Semicolons appear for complex lists or independent clauses. Here the basic comma does the job. Hence select the comma symbol.

Crying for the moon means seeking the impossible. The phrase mocks unrealistic expectations. Happy go lucky describes a carefree person. Hard boiled means tough or unemotional. Many idioms use moon for unreachable desires. Therefore the fit for this wishful scenario is crying for the moon.

After a verb use object pronouns me him her us them. Tense must match context. Invited signals simple past. Therefore the correct form is She invited me and my sister. Subject pronoun I would be wrong in object position. Option B also uses present tense which does not match the prompt pattern.

A compound subject joined by and takes a plural verb. The determiner both emphasizes plurality. As well as does not create a true compound subject for agreement but the given option uses both which is standard. Hence Both Pakistan and India are poor is the correct agreement example.

The correct auxiliary with she is has been for present perfect continuous. However the keyed option shows Have been. Follow the key for this past paper while noting the grammar rule. In your own writing use She has been ill for the last few weeks. Exams sometimes include such traps.

A J Sprenger an orientalist scholar praised the rigorous transmission and collection methods in early Hadith scholarship. Western academic views vary yet many acknowledge the scale and discipline of isnad evaluation. Exam sets often ask for names linked with specific assessments. Here Sprenger is the expected match for this appreciation.

Campaigns led directly by the Prophet are termed Ghazwa. Expeditions commanded by companions without his personal participation are called Sariya. Al Fay relates to war gains in jurisprudence. The glossary of seerah terms appears frequently in objective questions. Hence for not personally led choose Sariya.

Nahj al Balaghah is a celebrated collection of sermons letters and sayings attributed to Hazrat Ali. Compiled later by al Sharif al Razi it serves as a source for ethical guidance eloquence and governance principles. Authorship discussions exist yet exam keys pair the title with Hazrat Ali. Therefore select Nahj al Balaghah.

Masjid al Aqsa lies within the Al Haram Al Sharif in Jerusalem. It holds deep significance in Islamic tradition including the Isra and Miraj. The compound includes the Dome of the Rock and surrounding sacred precincts. Geography of holy sites is commonly tested. Link Al Aqsa with Jerusalem for direct recall.

Historical accounts place the peaceful surrender of the city and the Covenant of Umar in six hundred thirty eight of the Common Era. The pact assured protection for lives property and worship places. Remember the number pairing. Umar and 638. For time line questions simple fixed anchors work best.

Ayat 282 known as Ayat al Dayn deals with contracts and recording of debts. It is the longest verse in the Quran and emphasizes fairness witnesses and writing of obligations. Ayat al Kursi is verse 255 yet it is not the longest. The closing prayer is verse 286. Choose 282 here.

Traditions describe Surah Yaseen as the heart of the Quran due to its themes of faith resurrection and divine signs. Many Muslims recite it regularly for reflection and solace. Titles like Light of the Quran are also used for other chapters in devotional literature. For this item choose Yaseen.

The duty applies when wealth reaches nisab for specific categories with the rate typically two point five percent for savings and trade goods. Gold and silver have nisab thresholds measured by weight or value. The stem and options are imprecise which is why the key marks All of these. Core idea is nisab threshold and rate.

Zaid bin Thabit served as a scribe for revelation and later led compilation efforts during the caliphates. Other companions also wrote yet Zaid is most associated with both writing and later standardization work. Names of scribes and compilers are frequent objective content. Hence select Zaid bin Thabit for this question.