Assistant (BS-16) 2022 Punjab Public Service Commission

Hazrat Umar (RA) seized Jerusalem in 638 CE after a peaceful agreement with Christian authorities. This event marked a historic and respectful transfer of power. He personally visited the city and ensured protection for religious minorities, setting an example of Islamic justice and tolerance.

To find the new size after magnifying in a 7:5 ratio, multiply both original dimensions by 7 and divide by 5. The new size becomes (5.5×7/5, 9×7/5) = 7.7 cm × 12.6 cm. Ratio-based enlargement is common in geometry and printing.

Simple interest is calculated using the formula: SI = (P×R×T)/100. Here, SI = (60000×9×3)/100 = 16200. Total repayment = Principal + Interest = 60000 + 16200 = 76200.

A shape with 8 vertices is an octagon. The number of triangles formed by connecting its points is calculated using combinations: C(8,3) = 56. This concept belongs to combinatorics and geometry.

To calculate the average: add all marks and divide by the number of values. (76+65+82+67+85)/5 = 375/5 = 75. Averages are used in performance evaluations and data analysis.

A select query is used to retrieve specific information from a database. It helps filter data such as employees earning above a certain amount. SQL queries are fundamental for database operations.

Charles Babbage is considered the father of the computer due to his invention of the analytical engine. His work laid the foundation for modern computing systems and data processing.

To remove a border around a shape in MS Word, choose "No Outline" from the shape formatting options. This hides the border while keeping the shape intact, useful for cleaner designs.

Sariyya refers to a military expedition where the Prophet (PBUH) was not personally involved. Ghazwa includes battles he participated in. This distinction is key in understanding early Islamic military history.

The volume of a sphere, like a basketball, is calculated using the formula: (4/3)πr³. This formula helps find space occupied by spherical objects and is widely used in physics and engineering.

Nahj al-Balagha is a renowned compilation of sermons, letters, and sayings attributed to Hazrat Ali (RA). Though compiled by Sharif Razi centuries later, its contents reflect Hazrat Ali’s eloquence, wisdom, and Islamic knowledge. It holds great significance in Islamic literature and is often studied for its philosophical and ethical insights.

In Excel, the term “cell value” refers to the actual data or content within a cell. It can be text, number, date, or even a formula result. Recognizing cell values is essential for accurate calculations and data analysis in spreadsheets.

PowerPoint is Microsoft’s dedicated software for creating presentations. It is widely used for delivering lectures, business meetings, and educational demonstrations. Its tools enable users to design slides with visuals, text, animations, and sound.

The 'Print' option in Microsoft Word allows you to select "Microsoft Print to PDF" as a virtual printer, which converts documents into PDF format. This method is quick and keeps the layout intact for sharing or printing purposes.

The idiom "crying for the moon" means desiring something impossible or unrealistic. In this sentence, it reflects someone expecting an ideal situation that is unlikely to happen, especially without effort or qualification.

“To nip it in the bud” refers to stopping a problem or issue at its early stage before it grows worse. It’s a common idiom used to advise immediate action to prevent future complications.

The State Bank of Pakistan formulates and implements monetary policy to ensure economic stability. Its goal is to manage inflation, maintain financial stability, and support the country’s economic growth through proper regulation.

In the sentence, "along" is a preposition because it shows the relationship between "walking" and "the road." Prepositions typically indicate direction, location, or time in relation to other elements in the sentence.

Submarines work based on Pascal's Law, which states that pressure applied to a confined fluid is transmitted equally in all directions. This principle enables submarines to manage buoyancy and move underwater efficiently.

The International Energy Agency (IEA) is headquartered in Paris, France. It plays a vital role in promoting energy security among member countries through data, policy advice, and coordinated measures.

This question tests subject-verb agreement and conjunction rules. When using “both,” the verb must be plural. So, “Both Pakistan and India are poor” is grammatically accurate. Using “is” with a compound subject is incorrect.

The correct auxiliary verb for third person singular in present perfect tense is “has been.” Since the time frame continues to the present, "has been" is suitable.

This is a common proverb meaning one should follow local customs. “Romans” fits best as it refers to the people of Rome, aligning with the idiomatic expression.

The idiom “to back out” means to withdraw or retreat from an agreement or plan. It does not mean to support or believe, making “to retreat” the accurate choice.

“Vague” means not clearly expressed. Its direct opposite is “clear.” Other options like “known” or “famous” do not convey the exact antonym.

Internet Explorer is a web browser developed by Microsoft. It helps users access websites. It is neither a compiler nor an operating system.

The analogy compares a normal action with its impaired version. “Talk : Stammer” aligns with “Walk : Stagger,” where both represent interrupted actions.

Methane is significantly more potent than CO₂ in trapping heat in the atmosphere. Although less abundant, its global warming potential is much higher.

When converting direct to indirect speech, “may” changes to “might,” and “tomorrow” becomes “the next day.” Hence, option A is the grammatically correct transformation.

Methane is around 80 times more effective than CO₂ at trapping heat over short periods. This makes it a major contributor to global warming.

The phrase "bring up" commonly means to "raise" a topic or child. In this MCQ, "Raise" is the accurate synonym for "bring up." Options like "follow" or "track" change the meaning entirely. This question is helpful for vocabulary development in English exams.

Beirut is the capital and largest metropolis of Lebanon. It is a major cultural and economic center in the Middle East. This MCQ tests basic world capital knowledge, often asked in competitive exams.

The Mojave Desert is located in the southwestern region of the United States, mostly in California. It is known for Death Valley, the hottest place on Earth. This is a commonly tested question in geography sections.

Eratosthenes, a Greek mathematician, was the first to calculate Earth's radius using shadows and geometry around 240 BCE. His work laid the foundation for geodesy. This is a key concept in science history.

The Hanns Seidel Foundation (HSF) offers scholarships to Pakistani students for higher education, often in Germany. It supports democratic development and academic growth. This question is relevant for scholarship seekers.

Greenhouse gases like CO₂ and methane trap heat in Earth’s atmosphere, raising global temperatures. This process is known as the greenhouse effect. It is a key topic in environmental science.

The Orange River is a major river in southern Africa, flowing mainly through South Africa. It is crucial for irrigation and hydroelectric power. Such questions test geographic river knowledge.

The stethoscope was invented by René Laennec in 1816. It is a basic yet essential tool for doctors to listen to internal body sounds. This question is important for general science and medical awareness.

Pakistan's first general elections were held in 1970 under General Yahya Khan’s regime. These elections were crucial in shaping the country’s democratic journey. It’s a frequently asked topic in Pakistani history.

The Paris Peace Accords of 1973 ended direct U.S. military involvement in the Vietnam War, not the listed wars. It led to the withdrawal of American troops. This MCQ clears confusion in global conflict history.

North Macedonia joined NATO as its 30th member on March 27, 2020. It became the latest country to become part of the alliance after completing required reforms and resolving a long-standing name dispute with Greece. NATO expansion usually depends on a country’s political and defense reforms aligned with Western standards.

Zia Mohyeddin was a legendary Pakistani actor known for his roles in television, theatre, and film. He also served as the founding chairman of the National Academy of Performing Arts (NAPA) in Karachi. His voice and narration work were widely acclaimed in Pakistan and abroad.

Gwadar Gas Port Limited is planning a $94.04 million investment in a virtual pipeline to deliver imported LNG directly to industries. This approach bypasses the traditional pipeline network by using cryogenic trucks, aiming to ease energy shortages in industrial zones.

The National Assembly of Pakistan has a constitutional term of five years. The assembly can be dissolved earlier by the President on the advice of the Prime Minister, but the maximum duration remains fixed unless interrupted by extraordinary events.

Pneumonia is commonly caused by various bacteria, with *Streptococcus pneumoniae* (a form of cocci) being the most frequent. However, in this MCQ, Vibrio is selected, which is incorrect based on microbiology. The correct answer should be Cocci, specifically Streptococcus.

The Markhor is the national animal of Pakistan, recognized for its impressive spiral horns and agility on mountainous terrains. It symbolizes resilience and strength, often found in the mountainous northern regions of the country.

The "Zindagi App" was launched in 2020 by the Government of Pakistan to raise awareness and fight drug abuse among youth, especially in educational institutions. The app provides education, reporting tools, and access to rehabilitation resources.

The concept of zero as a number was first formalized by the Indian mathematician Brahmagupta in the 7th century. He introduced rules for using zero in calculations, laying the foundation for modern arithmetic and algebra.

A cirque is a bowl-shaped, amphitheater-like depression found at the head of a glacier. It forms due to the erosive action of a glacier over time and is typically surrounded by steep cliffs. It is one of the classic landforms created by glacial movement.

Mercury is the only metallic element that is liquid at room temperature. It has a wide range of industrial applications, especially in thermometers, barometers, and other scientific instruments, although its use is declining due to toxicity concerns.

Khawaja Nazim-ud-Din succeeded Liaqat Ali Khan as the second Prime Minister of Pakistan. He assumed office in 1951 after Liaqat Ali Khan's assassination. Nazim-ud-Din had earlier served as Governor-General and played a major role in early constitutional development.

Rakaposhi is a prominent mountain in the Karakoram range, situated in the Gilgit-Baltistan region of Pakistan. It is one of the highest peaks in the world and famous for its exceptional beauty and steep elevation. The Karakoram is home to many such towering peaks.

Habib Ullah Khan served as the first Chairman of the Senate of Pakistan from 1973 to 1977. The Senate is the upper house of Pakistan’s Parliament, and he played a vital role in establishing its legislative procedures during its early years.

Sun Yat Sen Park and Casa Garden are historical landmarks located in Macau. These sites reflect the region’s blend of Chinese and Portuguese heritage. Macau is known for its colonial architecture, cultural fusion, and tourism.

Ashgabat is the capital of Turkmenistan, not any of the listed countries. It is known for its marble buildings, wide avenues, and unique architecture. The city reflects the authoritarian style of governance and rapid modernization.

COVID-19 primarily affects the lungs, often leading to respiratory distress or pneumonia. In severe cases, lung function becomes critically impaired, which can turn fatal. This is why ventilatory support is often required in critical patients.

Nanga Parbat, also known as the “Killer Mountain,” is located in the western Himalayas in Pakistan. It is the ninth-highest mountain in the world and poses extreme climbing challenges due to its steep and rugged terrain.

Faiz Ahmad Faiz, one of Pakistan’s most celebrated poets, was born in Rawalpindi in 1911. His poetry is known for its themes of resistance, love, and social justice. He remains an influential literary figure in South Asian literature.

Gwadar was under the control of Oman for 79 years until Pakistan purchased it in 1958. Located on the Arabian Sea, it is now a crucial port city under development as part of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC).

The All India Muslim Students Federation was founded in Aligarh in 1937. It served as the student wing of the All India Muslim League and played a major role in mobilizing youth during the Pakistan Movement.

Anemia is commonly caused by a lack of iron in the body, not zinc, calcium, or nitrogen. Iron is essential for producing hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. Without adequate iron, the body can't produce enough healthy red blood cells, leading to fatigue and weakness—key symptoms of anemia.

"Big Apple" is a famous nickname for New York City. The term became popular in the 1920s and is now widely recognized around the world. It symbolizes the city's prominence in culture, economy, and entertainment, making it a central icon of the United States.