PPSC Protocol Assistant S&GAD BS-12 Paper Solved 2024

The Truman Doctrine was announced on 12 March 1947, marking a key moment in the start of the Cold War. It established the U.S. policy of providing political, military, and economic assistance to countries threatened by communism. Understanding such historical doctrines is vital for exams focusing on international relations and modern history.

Pakistan purchased Gwadar port from Oman in 1958 during the tenure of Prime Minister Feroz Khan Noon. The strategic importance of Gwadar has grown significantly due to its location on the Arabian Sea, making it central to trade and regional connectivity. Such historic and geopolitical facts are frequently tested in competitive exams related to Pakistan affairs.

Harappa is an ancient archaeological site situated in Punjab, Pakistan. It was one of the major urban centers of the Indus Valley Civilization. Questions about historical sites and civilizations are common in general knowledge and history sections of exams, so it's essential to remember their locations and cultural importance.

The Khilafat Movement was launched by Muhammad Ali Jauhar along with his brother Shaukat Ali in the early 20th century to protest the dismantling of the Ottoman Caliphate. It played a crucial role in uniting Indian Muslims politically. This topic often appears in history and Pakistan Studies exams, especially regarding Muslim political movements.

In indirect narration, wishes or prayers expressed with "may" are usually reported using "prayed" or "wished" and the verb "may" changes to "might." The correct transformation here is “The mother prayed that her son might be successful.” Narration change is a frequent grammar topic in exams and understanding reporting rules is key to answering correctly.

The Pakistan Industrial Development Corporation (PIDC) was established in 1952 to promote and support industrial development in the country, especially in the public sector. It played a key role in setting up industries across Pakistan. Such economic history questions are often included in exams to test knowledge of national development initiatives.

Bashar Al Asad is the President of Syria, having held office since the year 2000. He succeeded his father, Hafez al-Assad. This type of current affairs and world leadership question is common in general knowledge exams, so being familiar with international political figures is helpful for scoring well.

The Taj Mahal was built by Emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his wife Mumtaz Mahal. It is located in Agra, India, and is considered a masterpiece of Mughal architecture. Historical monument questions like this are frequently tested in history and general knowledge exams due to their cultural and architectural significance.

Michelangelo was a renowned artist, sculptor, and architect from Italy during the Renaissance period. He is best known for masterpieces like the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel and the statue of David. Questions about famous historical figures and their countries are commonly included in general knowledge and art history sections of exams.

Pfizer Inc is an American pharmaceutical company based in the United States. It played a major role in combating the COVID-19 pandemic by developing one of the first approved vaccines in partnership with BioNTech. Current affairs related to major global health events are frequently asked in competitive exams, making this an important fact to remember.

Al-Muqawqis is known as the ruler (Shah) of Misar (Egypt) during the time of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). He is historically recognized for receiving the Prophet’s letter inviting him to Islam. Questions like this related to Islamic history and notable figures are frequently asked in religious and general knowledge exams.

“Backward” refers to being behind in progress, development, or growth. Its opposite is “developed,” which implies advancement and improvement. Vocabulary-based questions like this are common in English sections of exams and help assess a student’s understanding of word meanings and opposites.

The mausoleum of Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the founder of Pakistan, is situated in Karachi. It is a national symbol and a major historical landmark. Questions related to national heritage sites are frequently asked in general knowledge and Pakistan Studies exams, so their locations should be well remembered.

Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah’s mausoleum is located in Karachi, the largest city of Pakistan. It is a prominent national monument visited by people from all over the country. Such questions are common in exams to test awareness of important historical and cultural landmarks.

The phrase “not only... but also” is a correlative conjunction used to connect two parallel ideas. Conjunctions are words that join clauses, phrases, or words together, and they play an important role in sentence structure. Identifying parts of speech correctly is essential for grammar-based MCQs in exams.

Cracking is a chemical process used in the petroleum industry to break down large hydrocarbon molecules into smaller, more useful ones like petrol and diesel. This process is essential in refining crude oil. Such chemistry-related questions are frequently asked in science portions of competitive exams, so understanding industrial processes is helpful.

The United States is currently the largest exporter of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) in the world. This is due to its high production capacity and strong energy infrastructure. Questions related to global energy exports are common in general knowledge and current affairs exams, so remembering the top exporters is beneficial for scoring well.

“Friendly” is an adjective because it describes the nature or quality of a noun, such as in the sentence “She is a friendly person.” Recognizing parts of speech is a key part of English grammar and is frequently tested in competitive exams to assess a student’s command of language structure.

Algeria is the largest country in Africa by land area. It is located in North Africa and is known for its vast deserts and natural resources. Geography-based questions like this are common in general knowledge exams, especially when related to continents, their countries, and global rankings.

The volume of an atom is estimated by treating the atom as a sphere and applying the formula \( V = \frac{4}{3} \pi r^3 \), where *r* is the atomic radius. This method gives a theoretical approximation of atomic volume. Such physics and chemistry questions are frequently tested in science portions of competitive exams.

The idiom “once in a blue moon” means something that occurs very rarely or infrequently. Idiomatic expressions are often tested in English language exams to assess a candidate’s understanding of figurative language, so learning their meanings is helpful for better performance.

Razia Sultana belonged to the Slave dynasty, also known as the Mamluk dynasty. She was the daughter of Iltutmish and ruled Delhi from 1236 to 1240. Her reign marked a significant moment in Indian history, as she was the only woman to sit on the throne of the Delhi Sultanate. This type of historical fact is frequently tested in competitive exams focused on South Asian history.

The Arab League was formed in March 1945 with 7 original member countries: Egypt, Iraq, Transjordan (now Jordan), Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Syria, and Yemen. It was created to promote political, economic, and cultural collaboration among Arab nations. Knowledge of such international organizations is often required in general knowledge and current affairs exams.

The Morley-Minto Reforms of 1909 expanded the Central Legislative Council’s membership from 16 to 60, marking a step toward limited political participation for Indians under British rule. These reforms also introduced the concept of separate electorates. Such historical reforms are frequently tested in exams on Indo-Pak history and political evolution.

The phrase “Rome was not built in a day” is a famous proverb meaning that great work takes time and patience. It highlights the importance of consistent effort and is often used to encourage persistence. This kind of proverb-based MCQ is common in English language exams to test understanding of idiomatic expressions.

None of the listed theories about the solar system's evolution specifically begin with a “blast.” The **Big Bang Theory**, which explains the origin of the universe, starts with an explosion-like event, but it is not a solar system theory. The Nebular and Planetesimal Hypotheses involve gradual processes. This type of question checks conceptual clarity in astronomy-related topics for competitive exams.

Joseph Priestley formulated soda water in 1767 by discovering how to infuse carbon dioxide into water, creating the earliest version of carbonated drinks. His discovery paved the way for the soft drink industry. Inventor-based questions like this are common in general science and current affairs exams, so remembering names and inventions is helpful.

In 1972, Ceylon officially changed its name to Sri Lanka after becoming a republic. This change marked a significant moment in the country’s post-colonial history. Questions about country name changes and independence movements are commonly asked in general knowledge and current affairs sections of competitive exams.

Adam Smith is considered the Father of Economics for his pioneering work in classical economic theory. His book *"The Wealth of Nations"* laid the groundwork for modern economics. Such questions about influential figures in academic disciplines are commonly featured in competitive and subject-based exams.

Calcium is essential for the human body as it supports bone and dental strength, assists in muscle movement, and plays a key role in blood clotting. This makes it a fundamental nutrient in overall health. Such biology-based MCQs are regularly asked in medical entry tests and general science exams.

Sir Cyril Radcliff headed the boundary commission during the partition of British India in 1947. His responsibility was to draw borders between India and Pakistan. This topic is important in Pakistan Studies and general knowledge papers related to independence history.

Pakistan became a permanent member of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) in **2017**, after initially participating as an observer. The SCO is a regional intergovernmental alliance that focuses on political, economic, and security cooperation in Eurasia. Pakistan’s inclusion helped strengthen its ties with regional powers like China and Russia and expanded its role in regional diplomacy.

The correct answer is Red Sea. According to Islamic teachings, Hazrat Musa (AS) miraculously traversed the Red Sea with his people when it parted by the will of Allah, allowing them to escape from Pharaoh’s army. This significant historical and religious event symbolizes divine help and deliverance for the oppressed, making it an important topic in many competitive exams.

The correct passive voice of the sentence is: “All the instructions should be carefully followed by them.” In passive voice, the object of the active sentence becomes the subject, and the helping verb “should” remains, followed by the past participle “followed.” This structure is commonly tested in grammar sections of competitive exams.

The term standardized is a formal synonym for “SI” and fits naturally in academic MCQ language. The correct answer, Ampere, measures the flow of electric charge and is crucial in understanding electricity, circuits, and electronics. One ampere equals one coulomb of charge passing through a point in one second. Mastering such units is vital for success in science exams.

Lulusar Lake is a picturesque alpine lake situated in the Kaghan Valley of Pakistan’s Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. It lies at a high altitude and is a popular tourist destination due to its natural beauty and accessibility via the Naran route. Knowing its location helps in solving geography-based MCQs in competitive exams.

Tides are primarily caused by the gravitational forces exerted by both the Moon and the Sun on Earth's oceans. While the Moon has a stronger effect, the Sun also contributes, especially during full and new moons when tides are higher (spring tides). Understanding this concept helps in answering Earth science MCQs effectively in exams.

General Pervaiz Musharraf stepped down from the presidency of Pakistan in 2008 amid political pressure and the threat of impeachment. This moment is a key part of recent political history in Pakistan, often included in current affairs and Pakistan Affairs exam sections to test awareness of major national events and leadership transitions.

The world's largest seaport by cargo throughput is in Shanghai, China. This port handles millions of containers annually and plays a major role in international trade. Students preparing for general knowledge or current affairs exams should remember Shanghai as the top-ranked seaport globally in terms of volume and efficiency.

The word Hajj literally means the "will of visit" or "intention to journey" towards a sacred place, specifically referring to the pilgrimage to Makkah. This term emphasizes the purposeful and spiritual journey Muslims undertake. Knowing this helps in understanding not just Islamic obligations but also related MCQs in exams covering Islamiyat or general knowledge topics.

The Organization of African Unity (OAU) was officially established in 1963 in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Its primary aim was to promote unity and solidarity among African nations and to eradicate colonialism. This fact is essential for general knowledge and international affairs MCQs, especially in competitive exams where formation dates of global organizations are frequently asked.

The shortcut Ctrl + Right Arrow in MS Word helps users navigate the text efficiently by shifting the cursor one complete word to the right. It is especially beneficial when editing or reviewing documents quickly. Understanding keyboard shortcuts is essential for improving productivity and often appears in basic computer skills exams.

In passive voice transformation, imperative sentences like "Welcome your friend" begin with "Let" followed by the object and the passive verb form. Therefore, the correct transformation is: "Let your friend be welcomed." Understanding active and passive voice is vital for grammar sections in exams, and recognizing how to change imperative sentences helps in securing easy marks.

The organization RCD, initially formed to promote regional development among Iran, Pakistan, and Turkey, was later restructured and renamed as ECO — Economic Cooperation Organization — in 1985. ECO expanded its membership and scope, aiming to improve trade, economic growth, and cultural exchange among member countries. Questions like this help in understanding international alliances and are frequently tested in competitive exams.

Wall Street is the financial heart of the United States, located in New York City. It is known worldwide as the center of major financial institutions, including the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). Understanding this helps in general knowledge and current affairs, especially for exams involving economics or international business awareness.

Iskander Mirza became the first President of Pakistan on 23 March 1956, the same day Pakistan was declared a republic under its first constitution. This date holds national significance and is crucial for Pakistan Studies and general knowledge MCQs in competitive exams.

Bahlol Khan Lodhi was the founder of the Lodhi dynasty and began his reign in 1451. He was an Afghan noble who laid the foundation for Lodhi rule in Northern India. Understanding the beginnings of dynasties like the Lodhis helps in identifying key shifts in Indian political history that are often examined in competitive exams.

The University of Bologna is acknowledged as the most ancient university that has operated without interruption since its founding in 1088. Known for its pivotal role in higher education, it laid the foundation for the modern university system. Remembering such key facts helps in exams focusing on world history and educational development.

Jupiter is the largest planet in our solar system, known for its massive size and prominent gas composition. It is more than 11 times the diameter of Earth and has a strong magnetic field along with dozens of moons. Questions like this are important in general science sections of competitive exams.

Mangla Dam is built on the Jhelum River and is one of the major water reservoirs in Pakistan. It was constructed to store water for irrigation and generate hydroelectric power. Understanding the location and function of major dams is essential for Pakistan Studies and general knowledge exams.

The ozone layer is mainly found in the stratosphere, where it plays a vital role in absorbing the sun's harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation. This protective shield helps preserve life on Earth and is a key topic in environmental science and climate-related MCQs.

The correct form here is “had finished” because it shows that one past action (finishing the work) was completed before another past action (father’s arrival). This is a common use of the past perfect tense and often appears in grammar-related MCQs.

The Berber tribes, also known as Amazigh, are indigenous people native to North Africa. They primarily reside in countries like Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, and parts of the Sahara. Questions about ancient tribes often appear in history or general knowledge exams, so remembering their region of origin is crucial for scoring well in such sections.

The **United Kingdom (UK)** officially departed from the European Union on **31 January 2020**, an event widely known as Brexit. It was the first and so far only country to exit the EU, marking a major turning point in European political history. Remembering this date and its terminology is essential for current affairs and global studies exams.

The **Eisenhower Doctrine** was announced in **1957** by U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower. This doctrine aimed to contain the spread of communism in the Middle East by providing American economic and military assistance to any country resisting armed aggression. It reflected Cold War-era strategies and is often tested in world history or international relations MCQs.

The **Soan and Haro Rivers** are located in the **Potohar Plateau** of northern Pakistan. This region is geologically significant and characterized by its dissected terrain and dry climate. These rivers contribute to the drainage system of the area, making it an important question for geography and general knowledge MCQs in competitive exams.

**World Environment Day** is observed every year on **5th June** to promote global awareness and action for the protection of the environment. It is one of the most significant international days run by the United Nations, highlighting critical issues like pollution, climate change, and biodiversity. This date is important for exams focused on environmental science or current affairs.

The correct antonym of the word Meagre is Plentiful. "Meagre" refers to something insufficient or lacking in quantity, so its opposite must convey abundance or adequacy. "Plentiful" accurately expresses this meaning, making it the best choice for vocabulary-based questions in competitive exams.

The correct preposition to use in this context is at. The phrase "at the end" is a fixed expression used to refer to a specific point in time when something concludes. It is commonly tested in English grammar sections of exams, so it's important to recognize and use it correctly.

The word Profusion means a large quantity or abundance of something. Its opposite is Scarcity, which means a shortage or lack of something. Understanding antonyms helps in vocabulary building and is a key part of many competitive and academic English exams.

The Strait of Messina is the narrow passage that divides mainland Italy from the island of Sicily. It plays an important geographical and economic role in the region by connecting the Tyrrhenian Sea with the Ionian Sea. This is a frequently tested fact in general knowledge and geography-related exams.

The shortcut Ctrl + S is utilized in MS Word to instantly save the open document under its existing name and location. This command helps users quickly preserve their work without using the mouse. It is a vital habit for preventing data loss during writing or editing tasks.

Microsoft Office Inter-Connect is designed to help manage business relationships by storing contact information and linking communication details. It allows users to track interactions and connect them with tasks or calendar events. This application was especially relevant in specific Office editions and provided a structured way to maintain professional contact data.

The idiom “Out of the blue” signifies something that happens unexpectedly or without any prior sign. It is often used when an event occurs all of a sudden. In academic vocabulary, it suggests an unforeseen incident, making option D the correct interpretation for idiom-based questions in exams.

During the Mughal era, Emperor Aurangzeb was known for his strict adherence to Islamic principles. He banned the engraving of the Kalma on coins out of respect, to prevent it from being defiled or mishandled. This reflects his conservative religious outlook, a key fact often tested in Islamic history MCQs.