PPSC Club-99 Chief Officer / Municipal Officer (BS-16) Past Paper 2024 – LGCD Department | 11 August – Morning Shift | Solved MCQs PDF

Geiger counter is a device used to identify radioactivity by detecting ionizing radiation. It is widely used in nuclear industries, laboratories, and for safety inspections. It works by measuring the particles emitted from radioactive substances. Understanding this tool is crucial for solving MCQs related to atomic structure, nuclear energy, and radiation safety.

Unity of command is a principle in management that implies each employee should report to only one manager to avoid confusion and conflicting instructions. This concept enhances discipline and accountability in any organizational setting. Knowing this can help in answering management and organizational behavior-related MCQs in exams.

A statutory audit is a legally required review of the accuracy of a company’s financial records. It is conducted as per specific laws and is important for maintaining transparency and public trust. Students preparing for commerce or public administration exams should be familiar with the types of audits.

Organizational behaviour studies how individuals and groups act within organizations. It explores motivation, leadership, team dynamics, and corporate culture. Understanding OB helps in managing people effectively and is often asked in management-related competitive exams.

Direct recruitment is when vacancies are filled by openly advertising them to attract external candidates. It promotes transparency and equal opportunity. This concept is key for exams related to public administration and HR practices.

The Durand Line, drawn in 1893, defines the boundary between Pakistan and Afghanistan. It was established during British rule and remains a topic of geopolitical importance. This question is commonly found in geography and current affairs sections.

Public corporations are government-owned organizations established to run commercial activities with administrative autonomy. They reflect the government’s involvement in economic ventures and are significant in public administration studies.

The word “Pensive” means being deeply thoughtful, often in a serious or reflective mood. It is frequently tested in English vocabulary sections of competitive exams. Understanding synonyms improves reading comprehension and verbal reasoning.

General Abdul Nasser was a prominent leader from Egypt and served as its president. He was a central figure in Arab nationalism and the Non-Aligned Movement. This historical knowledge is essential for international affairs and general knowledge sections.

W.F. Willoughby authored “The Principles of Public Administration,” which is considered a foundational work in the field. It explores public sector structure, governance, and administrative theories. Knowing such authors is useful for civil service and public administration exams.

Tbilisi is the metropolitan city and capital of Georgia, strategically located between Europe and Asia. It serves as a major cultural and economic hub in the Caucasus region. Knowing capitals helps in mastering map-related questions in exams.

Nagorno-Karabakh is a disputed territory between Armenia and Azerbaijan with a history of armed conflict. The issue remains relevant due to frequent clashes and international mediation efforts. Understanding such regions improves your global awareness.

The rare term “Ensoonce” closely aligns in meaning with “Establish,” signifying to set up or install something firmly. Learning unusual synonyms enhances your vocabulary range for written expression and verbal reasoning.

L.D. White's book published in 1926 is recognized as the earliest formal text in public administration. It provided foundational ideas that shaped modern administrative studies and is essential for aspirants in governance-related exams.

Fungi are heterotrophic organisms that absorb nutrients from external sources. They lack chlorophyll, so they cannot photosynthesize like autotrophic plants. This concept is vital for understanding biological diversity and nutrition.

"Pensive" typically describes someone engaged in deep, reflective thinking, often tinged with seriousness. Recognizing such synonyms is essential for building reading comprehension and effective vocabulary for exams.

According to the Constitution of Pakistan, general elections are held every five years. This ensures regular democratic processes and transition of power. Such constitutional facts are frequently tested in public service exams.

“Affable” means pleasantly easy to approach and talk to, or simply friendly. Understanding common synonyms helps in both verbal tests and communication-based interview settings. Vocabulary precision is crucial in academic assessments.

The correct general sentence is “Man is immortal,” where “man” refers to humanity as a whole. Understanding sentence structure and article usage is important for grammar accuracy in competitive exams.

Al-Nisai, one of the greatest Hadith scholars, was born in 218 AH. His compilation "Sunan al-Nasa'i" is one of the six major Hadith collections in Sunni Islam. Memorizing historical dates of Islamic personalities helps in objective exams.

Sikandar Mirza, the first President of Pakistan, abrogated the 1956 Constitution and imposed martial law in 1958, marking a turning point in Pakistan’s political history. This action dissolved democratic institutions and allowed military dominance in governance, shaping Pakistan’s future constitutional developments.

The word “fortuitous” is used to describe something that happens by chance and ends up being fortunate or beneficial. Understanding such vocabulary helps in interpreting reading comprehension questions in exams and developing a richer language usage.

“Elevate” means to raise or lift up, and its opposite is “depress,” which means to lower or reduce. Knowing antonyms is crucial for vocabulary-based MCQs, especially in English language proficiency tests and competitive exams.

In 2017, Bolivia declared itself free from IMF and World Bank control under President Evo Morales. This move was symbolic of economic sovereignty and rejection of foreign financial influence, often discussed in global economic policy contexts.

Mount Vesuvius is an active volcano located near Naples, Italy, famously known for the destruction of Pompeii in AD 79. Knowledge of famous geographical landmarks is commonly tested in competitive exams for general awareness.

MS Word is an example of application software used for word processing. It allows users to create, edit, and format documents and is an essential part of Microsoft Office Suite, often covered in IT-related exams.

“Frugal” means economical or thrifty, while “extravagant” is the opposite, meaning spending excessively. Learning antonyms helps students expand their vocabulary and improve performance in language-based questions.

Helium is a non-flammable, lighter-than-air gas commonly used in balloons and airships for safety. It replaces hydrogen because it does not catch fire, making it ideal for such uses. This is a common science fact useful in multiple exams.

In digital storage, 1024 kilobytes (KB) equal 1 megabyte (MB). This binary-based measurement is frequently asked in computer literacy tests, and understanding it helps in solving storage-related technical questions easily.

Muhammad Yunus, a Bangladeshi social entrepreneur, founded the Grameen Bank to provide microcredit to the poor without collateral. His model revolutionized microfinance globally and earned him the Nobel Peace Prize in 2006.

An atheist is a person who rejects belief in the existence of God or gods. This is different from a heretic, who may believe in God but holds views that are contrary to established religious doctrine. Understanding this term is essential in philosophical and theological contexts, especially in comparative religion questions.

The word "effeminate" is used to describe a man who displays behaviors or characteristics considered traditionally feminine. This vocabulary is often tested in English sections to assess a student’s understanding of descriptive and contextual words.

In most word processing applications like MS Word, the largest standard font size available on the formatting toolbar is 72. However, users can manually type even larger sizes. This question is useful for basic computer proficiency exams.

By substituting a = 3b/2 into the given algebraic expression and simplifying carefully, the correct value comes out to be 12/5. Algebraic substitution is a foundational skill for solving complex mathematical expressions efficiently.

"Nonchalant" means calm and unconcerned. Its antonym, "attentive", refers to someone who is focused and alert. Knowing opposites and synonyms is important for vocabulary-based questions in English proficiency tests.

Using trigonometry, particularly the tangent function and adding the observer’s height, the total height of the tower is 21.6 m. This is a common application of trigonometric ratios in real-life geometry problems.

The U.S. officially started its troop withdrawal from Afghanistan on May 1, 2021, as part of a deal with the Taliban. This event marked the beginning of the end of a 20-year-long military presence in the region, heavily covered in international news.

As of 2025, Murad Ali Shah continues to serve as the Chief Minister of Sindh. This role is critical for the province's governance and knowing the current leadership is essential for public service exam preparation.

Gurdeep Singh made history by becoming Pakistan’s first Sikh senator in 2021. His election marked a milestone in minority representation in the country's political landscape, making it a commonly asked current affairs question.

Petrology is a key branch of geology that deals with the origin, composition, and classification of rocks. It is an important topic for students preparing for general science exams, especially where earth sciences are included.

Let the three even numbers be x, x+2, and x+4. Their sum is 3x+6 = 78, so x = 24. The largest number is x+4 = 28. Such problems test basic algebra and arithmetic reasoning skills often seen in entrance and competitive exams.

Tokyo, the capital of Japan, is the most populous city in Asia, with over 37 million residents in its metropolitan area. Questions on global demographics and city populations are common in general knowledge and current affairs sections.

Mount Logan is the tallest mountain in Canada and the second-highest peak in North America, located in the Yukon Territory. It's essential to remember notable geographic landmarks for competitive exams focused on world geography.

"Insolvent" refers to someone unable to pay their debts, while "wealthy" denotes financial abundance. Antonyms like these are frequently tested in vocabulary sections of English proficiency exams.

Steve Wozniak co-founded Apple alongside Steve Jobs and Ronald Wayne in 1976. Recognizing key figures in technology history is important for understanding the evolution of modern computing.

"Neither" is a singular subject, so the correct verb form is "was." Understanding subject-verb agreement is crucial in grammar questions across standardized tests and language assessments.

After the 1971 war, 195 Pakistani military officers were held in Bangladesh for possible prosecution. This fact is a significant part of South Asian political history and frequently appears in civil service exams.

The idiom “tongue in cheek” refers to saying something in a joking or sarcastic way. Recognizing idioms is key to understanding nuance and tone in English comprehension sections.

“To fight tooth and nail” means to use all efforts and resources to achieve something. Idiomatic expressions like this are commonly tested to evaluate language fluency and comprehension.

Output is the final result produced after data is processed by a computer. Understanding the input-process-output cycle is essential for beginners learning about computer systems and their basic operations.

The first pillar of Islam is *Shahada* (faith or declaration of belief in the oneness of God and Muhammad as His prophet), which is not listed in the options. This is fundamental knowledge for understanding the structure of Islamic teachings.

The idiom “too many irons in the fire” means being involved in multiple tasks or responsibilities at once. Recognizing idioms like this is helpful for interpreting expressions used in daily and professional English communication.

In most presentation software like MS PowerPoint, animations are added separately and not part of the slide layout itself, which mainly includes placeholders for content such as titles, charts, and lists. Understanding slide design is useful in digital literacy exams.

Isaac Newton discovered the law of gravity after observing an apple fall from a tree. This foundational concept in physics is frequently asked in science exams due to its historical and scientific importance.

Strategic policies often involve long-term planning and produce effects that are difficult to reverse. This concept is essential in administrative and management-related examinations, especially in education and governance contexts.

The Ombudsman is responsible for addressing public complaints against government institutions, helping ensure transparency and justice. Knowledge of institutional roles is key in civil service and general knowledge exams.

The third moment about the mean measures skewness. A value of zero indicates a symmetrical distribution. Such statistical concepts are vital for interpreting data accurately in various exams involving quantitative reasoning.

The United States frequently launches advanced satellites through NASA and private companies like SpaceX. Staying updated with space technology and national achievements is important for competitive general knowledge tests.

GDP is the total value of all goods and services produced within a country and is the standard measure of economic performance. It is a critical concept in economics-based sections of exams.

The public service system in Pakistan is officially based on merit, although political influence may still play a role. Understanding this principle is vital for those preparing for public administration or civil service exams.

In sales management, customer orientation refers to prioritizing the needs and preferences of clients to build lasting relationships and drive success. This principle plays a key role in modern sales strategies and service-oriented business models.

A policy is a planned set of principles that guide decisions and actions within an organization. Understanding policy frameworks is essential in management, governance, and education system planning.

A Geiger counter is a device that detects and measures radiation levels. It’s commonly used in scientific research, nuclear facilities, and safety inspections to detect radioactive particles.

The correct form is “She is prettier than her sister” as “prettier” is the comparative form of the adjective “pretty.” Avoid using “more” with adjectives that already take “-er” in their comparative form.

Wang Yaping made history as the first Chinese woman to conduct a spacewalk. She is a key figure in China’s space exploration efforts, inspiring more involvement of women in STEM and space science globally.