PROTOCOL ASSISTANT (BS-12) – S&GAD, Chief Minister’s Office (2024) Past Paper

The Eisenhower Doctrine, proposed in 1957, aimed to counter Soviet influence in the Middle East by offering military and economic aid. Studying this highlights its role in Cold War geopolitics, the challenges of regional influence, and its impact on US foreign policy. It also offers insights into how doctrines shape international relations, providing lessons on strategic diplomacy for global stability, relevant to understanding modern alliances and conflicts.

World Environment Day, celebrated annually on June 5, promotes global environmental awareness and action. Studying this highlights its role in sustainability, the challenges of mobilizing global efforts, and its impact on conservation policies. It also offers insights into how international days drive change, providing lessons on fostering environmental initiatives in countries like Pakistan to address climate challenges effectively.

The United Kingdom officially exited the European Union on January 31, 2020, following the Brexit referendum. Studying this highlights its role in European politics, the challenges of economic decoupling, and its impact on global trade. It also offers insights into how exits reshape alliances, providing lessons on navigating international relations for countries like Pakistan in a changing world order.

Berber tribes, indigenous to North Africa, have a rich cultural history across countries like Morocco and Algeria. Studying this highlights their role in regional identity, the challenges of cultural preservation, and their impact on North African societies. It also offers insights into how indigenous groups shape history, providing lessons on promoting cultural diversity for inclusive societies in regions like Pakistan.

The University of Bologna, founded in 1088 in Italy, is the world’s oldest continuously operating university. Studying this highlights its role in academic history, the challenges of sustaining institutions, and its impact on global education. It also offers insights into how universities drive knowledge, providing lessons on strengthening educational institutions in Pakistan for intellectual and economic growth.

Wall Street, located in New York City, is a global financial hub, home to the New York Stock Exchange. Studying this highlights its role in world economies, the challenges of financial markets, and its impact on global trade. It also offers insights into how financial centers drive growth, providing lessons on developing economic hubs in Pakistan for financial stability.

The Regional Cooperation for Development (RCD) was reorganized as the Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO) in 1985, including Pakistan, Iran, and Türkiye. Studying this highlights its role in regional trade, the challenges of economic collaboration, and its impact on member states. It also offers insights into how organizations foster cooperation, providing lessons on strengthening regional alliances for Pakistan’s economic growth.

The Organization of African Unity, formed in 1963, aimed to promote African unity and independence, later becoming the African Union. Studying this highlights its role in decolonization, the challenges of continental unity, and its impact on African politics. It also offers insights into how organizations drive solidarity, providing lessons on fostering regional cooperation for Pakistan in global forums.

Shanghai, China, hosts the world’s largest seaport by cargo volume, vital for global trade. Studying this highlights its role in maritime commerce, the challenges of port management, and its impact on economies. It also offers insights into how ports drive trade, providing lessons on developing ports like Gwadar in Pakistan for economic growth via CPEC.

Adam Smith, an 18th-century Scottish philosopher, is called the Father of Economics for his work The Wealth of Nations. Studying this highlights his role in economic theory, the challenges of market analysis, and its impact on modern economics. It also offers insights into how theories shape policy, providing lessons on applying economic principles for Pakistan’s development.

The United States became the largest exporter of liquefied natural gas (LNG) by 2023, surpassing Qatar and Australia. Studying this highlights its role in energy markets, the challenges of global supply chains, and its impact on energy security. It also offers insights into how exports drive economies, providing lessons on leveraging energy resources for Pakistan’s economic growth.

The Arab League, founded in Cairo in March 1945, began with seven member states, later expanding to 22. Studying this highlights its role in Arab unity, the challenges of regional cooperation, and its impact on Middle Eastern politics. It also offers insights into how leagues foster solidarity, providing lessons on regional alliances for Pakistan’s diplomacy.

Algeria is Africa’s largest country by area, spanning over 2.38 million km². Studying this highlights its role in African geography, the challenges of managing vast territories, and its impact on regional influence. It also offers insights into how geography shapes governance, providing lessons on resource management for large nations like Pakistan.

Ceylon officially became Sri Lanka in 1972, reflecting its post-colonial identity. Studying this highlights its role in national rebranding, the challenges of cultural identity, and its impact on global recognition. It also offers insights into how names shape identity, providing lessons on fostering national pride in countries like Pakistan.

Al-Muqawqis, a 7th-century Egyptian ruler, is referred to as the “Shah of Misar” in historical Islamic texts. Studying this highlights his role in early Islamic history, the challenges of regional governance, and its impact on Egypt’s transition. It also offers insights into how titles reflect authority, providing lessons on understanding historical figures in Islamic contexts relevant to Pakistan.

Bashar Al-Assad has been Syria’s President since 2000, leading through a prolonged civil war. Studying this highlights his role in Middle Eastern politics, the challenges of governance during conflict, and its impact on regional stability. It also offers insights into how leadership affects geopolitics, providing lessons on navigating diplomacy for Pakistan in conflict zones.

The Truman Doctrine, announced on March 12, 1947, pledged US support against communism, shaping Cold War policy. Studying this highlights its role in global politics, the challenges of ideological conflicts, and its impact on international relations. It also offers insights into how doctrines shape alliances, providing lessons on strategic diplomacy for Pakistan’s foreign policy.

Michelangelo, a Renaissance artist known for the Sistine Chapel, was from Italy. Studying this highlights his role in art history, the challenges of cultural innovation, and its impact on global heritage. It also offers insights into how artists shape culture, providing lessons on promoting artistic heritage in Pakistan for cultural recognition.

Pfizer Inc., a US-based pharmaceutical giant, developed a COVID-19 vaccine with BioNTech. Studying this highlights its role in global health, the challenges of vaccine development, and its impact on pandemics. It also offers insights into how companies drive innovation, providing lessons on fostering pharmaceutical research in Pakistan for health security.

Pakistan has five major oil refineries, including Pak-Arab Refinery and Attock Refinery, crucial for energy needs. Studying this highlights their role in the energy sector, the challenges of refining capacity, and their impact on economic stability. It also offers insights into how refineries drive industry, providing lessons on expanding energy infrastructure for Pakistan’s economic growth and self-sufficiency.

Aurangzeb, a Mughal emperor, banned engraving the Kalma on coins to prevent its desecration. Studying this highlights his role in religious policy, the challenges of balancing faith and governance, and its impact on Mughal administration. It also offers insights into how rulers shape cultural practices, providing lessons on understanding religious policies in Pakistan’s historical context.

The Urdu-Hindi Controversy began in 1867 in British India, sparking linguistic and communal tensions over script usage. Studying this highlights its role in pre-partition politics, the challenges of linguistic identity, and its impact on Muslim separatism. It also offers insights into how language shapes identity, providing lessons on managing linguistic diversity for national unity in Pakistan.

Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah joined the All India Muslim League in 1913, shaping Pakistan’s movement. Studying this highlights his role in Muslim politics, the challenges of leadership, and its impact on independence. It also offers insights into how leaders drive movements, providing lessons on political mobilization for Pakistan’s national identity and unity.

Mangla Dam, a major hydropower project, was built on the Jhelum River in Pakistan. Studying this highlights its role in energy and irrigation, the challenges of dam construction, and its impact on development. It also offers insights into how dams drive economies, providing lessons on leveraging water resources for sustainable growth in Pakistan.

Bahlol Khan Lodhi founded the Lodhi Dynasty in 1451, ruling parts of India until 1526. Studying this highlights his role in Indian history, the challenges of establishing dynasties, and its impact on regional governance. It also offers insights into how dynasties shape history, providing lessons on understanding Pakistan’s historical connections to South Asian empires.

Iskander Mirza became Pakistan’s first President on March 23, 1956, under the 1956 Constitution. Studying this highlights his role in early governance, the challenges of political transitions, and its impact on democracy. It also offers insights into how leadership shapes nations, providing lessons on fostering stable governance in Pakistan’s formative years.

Akbar, the Mughal emperor, ascended the throne at age 13 in 1556, guided by regent Bairam Khan. Studying this highlights his role in Mughal expansion, the challenges of young leadership, and its impact on India’s history. It also offers insights into how rulers shape empires, providing lessons on understanding historical governance for Pakistan’s heritage.

The British sold Kashmir to Gulab Singh for 75 lakh rupees under the 1846 Treaty of Amritsar. Studying this highlights its role in colonial geopolitics, the challenges of territorial deals, and its impact on Kashmir’s history. It also offers insights into how treaties shape regions, providing lessons on understanding Pakistan’s stance on Kashmir disputes.

Pervez Musharraf resigned as Pakistan’s President in 2008 amid political pressure and impeachment threats. Studying this highlights his role in political history, the challenges of military governance, and its impact on democracy. It also offers insights into how resignations affect politics, providing lessons on ensuring democratic transitions for Pakistan’s stability.

Pakistan became a full member of the SCO in 2017, enhancing its regional security and economic role. Studying this highlights its role in global alliances, the challenges of multilateral cooperation, and its impact on diplomacy. It also offers insights into how memberships strengthen ties, providing lessons on leveraging SCO for Pakistan’s strategic interests.

The Quaid-e-Azam Mausoleum, the resting place of Muhammad Ali Jinnah, is in Karachi, Pakistan. Studying this highlights its role in national heritage, the challenges of preserving landmarks, and its impact on identity. It also offers insights into how mausoleums foster pride, providing lessons on protecting cultural sites for Pakistan’s national unity.

Razia Sultan, the first female ruler of the Delhi Sultanate (1236–1240), belonged to the Slave Dynasty. Studying this highlights her role in history, the challenges of female leadership, and its impact on governance. It also offers insights into how women shaped empires, providing lessons on promoting gender equality in Pakistan’s historical narratives.

Cyril Radcliffe headed the 1947 Boundary Commission, delineating India-Pakistan borders. Studying this highlights its role in partition, the challenges of boundary creation, and its impact on geopolitics. It also offers insights into how decisions shape nations, providing lessons on managing territorial disputes for peace in Pakistan’s context.

Muhammad Khan Junejo, not 1985 (corrected from the provided answer), was elected Pakistan’s 10th Prime Minister in 1985 in a non-party election. Studying this highlights his role in governance, the challenges of non-party politics, and its impact on democracy. It also offers insights into how elections shape leadership, providing lessons on fostering democratic systems in Pakistan.

The Minto-Morley Reforms of 1909 expanded the Central Legislative Council from 16 to 60 members, introducing separate electorates. Studying this highlights its role in colonial reforms, the challenges of representation, and its impact on Muslim politics. It also offers insights into how reforms shape identity, providing lessons on advocating for rights in Pakistan’s history.

Pakistan purchased Gwadar port from Oman in 1958, enhancing its maritime strategy. Studying this highlights its role in economic development, the challenges of port management, and its impact via CPEC. It also offers insights into how ports drive trade, providing lessons on leveraging Gwadar for Pakistan’s economic growth and regional connectivity.

Muhammad Ali Jauhar led the Khilafat Movement (1919–1924) to support the Ottoman Caliphate. Studying this highlights its role in Muslim unity, the challenges of anti-colonial activism, and its impact on India’s freedom struggle. It also offers insights into how movements mobilize communities, providing lessons on fostering political activism in Pakistan’s history.

Shah Jahan commissioned the Taj Mahal in Agra as a mausoleum for his wife Mumtaz Mahal. Studying this highlights its role in Mughal architecture, the challenges of monumental construction, and its impact on cultural heritage. It also offers insights into how landmarks shape identity, providing lessons on preserving heritage in Pakistan’s cultural context.

Harappa, an Indus Valley Civilization site, is located in Punjab, Pakistan. Studying this highlights its role in ancient history, the challenges of archaeological preservation, and its impact on cultural identity. It also offers insights into how sites shape heritage, providing lessons on protecting archaeological treasures for Pakistan’s historical narrative.

Pakistan’s coastline, along the Arabian Sea, spans approximately 1,000 km, vital for trade and fisheries. Studying this highlights its role in maritime economy, the challenges of coastal management, and its impact via ports like Karachi. It also offers insights into how coastlines drive trade, providing lessons on leveraging maritime assets for Pakistan’s growth.

The Pakistan Industrial Development Corporation (PIDC) was established in 1952 to promote industrial growth. Studying this highlights its role in economic development, the challenges of industrialization, and its impact on Pakistan’s economy. It also offers insights into how institutions drive progress, providing lessons on fostering industrial policies for national growth.

Udham Singh assassinated Sir Michael O’Dwyer in 1940, seeking justice for the Jallianwala Bagh massacre. Studying this highlights its role in India’s freedom struggle, the challenges of colonial resistance, and its impact on nationalism. It also offers insights into how acts shape movements, providing lessons on understanding anti-colonialism in Pakistan’s historical context.

The Strait of Messina separates mainland Italy from the island of Sicily, facilitating maritime routes. Studying this highlights its role in European geography, the challenges of maritime connectivity, and its impact on trade. It also offers insights into how straits shape economies, providing lessons on leveraging maritime geography for regional development, applicable to Pakistan’s coastal strategies.

The Soan and Haro Rivers flow through the Pothohar Plateau in Punjab, Pakistan, supporting agriculture. Studying this highlights its role in regional geography, the challenges of water management, and its impact on farming. It also offers insights into how plateaus sustain economies, providing lessons on optimizing water resources for Pakistan’s agricultural development.

Lulusar Lake, a scenic attraction, is located in the Kaghan Valley, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Studying this highlights its role in tourism, the challenges of preserving natural sites, and its impact on local economies. It also offers insights into how lakes promote tourism, providing lessons on developing eco-tourism in Pakistan for sustainable growth.

Jupiter, with a diameter of about 139,820 km, is the largest planet in our solar system. Studying this highlights its role in astronomy, the challenges of planetary study, and its impact on understanding space. It also offers insights into how planets shape scientific knowledge, providing lessons on promoting space education in Pakistan for scientific advancement.

The stratosphere contains the ozone layer, protecting Earth from harmful UV radiation. Studying this highlights its role in environmental science, the challenges of ozone depletion, and its impact on climate. It also offers insights into how atmospheric layers affect life, providing lessons on addressing environmental issues in Pakistan for global sustainability.

Tides are primarily caused by the Moon’s gravitational pull, not both Moon and Sun (corrected from provided answer), though the Sun contributes. Studying this highlights its role in oceanography, the challenges of tidal prediction, and its impact on coastal ecosystems. It also offers insights into how gravity shapes nature, providing lessons on studying tides for Pakistan’s coastal management.

The ampere is the SI unit of electric current, measuring the flow of charge. Studying this highlights its role in physics, the challenges of electrical measurements, and its impact on technology. It also offers insights into how units standardize science, providing lessons on applying precise measurements in Pakistan’s engineering and tech sectors.

Joseph Priestley, an 18th-century chemist, invented soda water by carbonating water, founding the soft drink industry. Studying this highlights its role in chemistry, the challenges of innovation, and its impact on beverages. It also offers insights into how discoveries drive industries, providing lessons on fostering scientific innovation in Pakistan for economic growth.

Calcium is vital for strong bones, teeth, muscle function, and blood clotting in the human body. Studying this highlights its role in physiology, the challenges of nutrient deficiencies, and its impact on health. It also offers insights into how minerals support life, providing lessons on promoting nutrition education in Pakistan for public health.

Cracking is the process of breaking large hydrocarbons into smaller, more useful ones, used in oil refining. Studying this highlights its role in the petroleum industry, the challenges of fuel production, and its impact on energy. It also offers insights into how processes drive economies, providing lessons on leveraging refining for Pakistan’s energy sector.

The Big Bang Theory explains the universe’s origin, including the solar system, starting with a massive explosion. Studying this highlights its role in cosmology, the challenges of understanding origins, and its impact on science. It also offers insights into how theories shape knowledge, providing lessons on promoting astronomy education in Pakistan.

An atom’s volume is estimated using its atomic radius in the formula for a sphere’s volume (4/3πr³). Studying this highlights its role in chemistry, the challenges of atomic measurements, and its impact on material science. It also offers insights into how calculations advance science, providing lessons on applying formulas in Pakistan’s scientific research.

In MS Word, Ctrl + S saves a document under its current name, ensuring data preservation. Studying this highlights its role in productivity, the challenges of file management, and its impact on workflow efficiency. It also offers insights into how shortcuts enhance usability, providing lessons on mastering software tools for professional tasks in Pakistan.

Microsoft Office InterConnect (Japan-specific) is a business-relationship database for managing contacts. Studying this highlights its role in professional networking, the challenges of data organization, and its impact on business efficiency. It also offers insights into how databases streamline operations, providing lessons on adopting digital tools for business management in Pakistan.

In MS Word, Ctrl + Right Arrow moves the cursor one word to the right, aiding navigation. Studying this highlights its role in editing efficiency, the challenges of document navigation, and its impact on productivity. It also offers insights into how shortcuts enhance workflow, providing lessons on using keyboard commands for efficient document editing in Pakistan.

The idiom “out of the blue” means something happening unexpectedly, not “very seldom” (corrected from provided answer). Studying this highlights its role in figurative language, the challenges of idiomatic expressions, and its impact on communication. It also offers insights into how idioms enrich language, providing lessons on using figurative speech for vivid expression in Pakistan’s English education.

The antonym of “profusion” (abundance) is “scarcity” (lack). Studying this highlights vocabulary development, the challenges of precise word choice, and its impact on clear communication. It also offers insights into how antonyms clarify meaning, providing lessons on building robust vocabulary for effective English usage in Pakistan’s academic and professional contexts.

The preposition “at” fits in “at the end of the lesson,” indicating a specific time. Studying this highlights preposition usage, the challenges of grammatical accuracy, and its impact on sentence clarity. It also offers insights into how prepositions shape meaning, providing lessons on using correct prepositions for precise English communication in Pakistan.

The antonym of “meagre” (small in quantity) is “plentiful” (abundant). Studying this highlights vocabulary skills, the challenges of selecting opposites, and its impact on expressive language. It also offers insights into how antonyms enhance clarity, providing lessons on improving vocabulary for effective communication in Pakistan’s English curriculum.

The past perfect “had finished” indicates the work was completed before the father’s arrival. Studying this highlights verb tense usage, the challenges of sequence in time, and its impact on narrative clarity. It also offers insights into how tenses convey timing, providing lessons on using correct grammar for precise English in Pakistan.

The passive sentence “Your services will be acknowledged by the government” becomes active: “The government will acknowledge your services.” Studying this highlights voice transformation, the challenges of grammatical structure, and its impact on emphasis. It also offers insights into how voice shifts focus, providing lessons on using active voice for direct communication in Pakistan.

The active imperative “Welcome your friend” becomes passive: “Let your friend be welcomed.” Studying this highlights voice changes in imperatives, the challenges of maintaining tone, and its impact on sentence structure. It also offers insights into how passive forms adjust emphasis, providing lessons on using varied sentence forms in Pakistan’s English writing.

The idiom “Rome was not built in a day” means great things take time. Studying this highlights its role in figurative language, the challenges of understanding idioms, and its impact on motivational communication. It also offers insights into how idioms convey wisdom, providing lessons on using proverbs for impactful English expression in Pakistan.

The idiom “once in a blue moon” means something occurs rarely, as a blue moon is an uncommon event. Studying this highlights its role in figurative language, the challenges of idiomatic expressions, and its impact on vivid communication. It also offers insights into how idioms enrich speech, providing lessons on using them effectively in Pakistan’s English education.

“Friendly” describes a noun, functioning as an adjective (e.g., “friendly person”). Studying this highlights its role in grammar, the challenges of identifying parts of speech, and its impact on sentence clarity. It also offers insights into how adjectives enhance descriptions, providing lessons on using precise language for effective English communication in Pakistan.

The active sentence “They should follow all the instructions carefully” becomes passive: “All the instructions should be carefully followed by them.” Studying this highlights voice transformation, the challenges of maintaining meaning, and its impact on emphasis. It also offers insights into how passive voice shifts focus, providing lessons on stylistic variety in Pakistan’s English writing.

The underlined “but also” is a correlative conjunction, linking clauses in the sentence. Studying this highlights its role in sentence structure, the challenges of coordinating ideas, and its impact on clarity. It also offers insights into how conjunctions enhance cohesion, providing lessons on constructing complex sentences for effective English communication in Pakistan.

The idiom “cheek by jowl” means closely together, referring to the proximity of childhood and innocence. Studying this highlights its role in figurative language, the challenges of idiomatic expressions, and its impact on vivid imagery. It also offers insights into how idioms enrich language, providing lessons on using figurative speech in Pakistan’s English education.

The antonym of “backward” (undeveloped or behind) is “developed” (advanced). Studying this highlights vocabulary skills, the challenges of selecting opposites, and its impact on precise communication. It also offers insights into how antonyms clarify meaning, providing lessons on building robust vocabulary for effective English usage in Pakistan.

The direct speech “May you be successful” becomes indirect: “The mother prayed that her son might be successful.” Studying this highlights narration changes, the challenges of maintaining intent, and its impact on reported speech. It also offers insights into how narration conveys tone, providing lessons on mastering indirect speech in Pakistan’s English studies.