______ focus was on scientific study of observable behavior that could be measured and verified

Behaviorism studies behavior that can be seen counted and tested. It avoids speculation about internal mental states and prioritizes objective measurement. Classical conditioning explains learning through association as in Pavlov work while operant conditioning explains learning through consequences as in Skinner work. Behaviorism shaped classroom practice with clear objectives task analysis and reinforcement schedules. Praise tokens and immediate feedback are typical tools. While later cognitive views added mental processes the measurement focus of behaviorism remains useful for skill training classroom routines and behavior support plans that rely on observable targets and data based decisions.