Before the 19th century; the Ottoman Empire’s main rival was

Russia was the Ottoman Empire’s primary rival pre-19th century; this question tests historical knowledge. Poland and Germany were less significant; C is correct. Understanding rivalries enhances geopolitical awareness; this is vital for exams or history discussions; conflicts shaped borders; knowing rivals aids in historical analysis; accurate knowledge ensures clarity in conversations about Ottoman history or geopolitics; staying informed strengthens general knowledge; C matches the record.