Assistant (BS-16) Religious Affairs Department – PPSC Past Paper 2023 [Solved MCQs]

Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq founded the Tughlaq Dynasty in 1320 after overthrowing the Khilji Dynasty. His rule marked the beginning of administrative reforms and architectural development in the Delhi Sultanate.

Just as a tiger is a carnivore (meat-eater), a cow is a herbivore (plant-eater). This analogy is based on dietary classification of animals. It helps in understanding biological relationships.

Kamala Harris is the current Vice President of the United States, serving under President Joe Biden since 2021. She is the first female, first Black, and first Asian-American Vice President.

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) is commonly known as laughing gas due to its euphoric effects. It is used in medical anesthesia and also as a propellant in the food industry.

“Feckless” means irresponsible or careless. Its most appropriate antonym is “careful,” which reflects responsibility and attentiveness, making it the opposite in meaning.

The Battle of Badr was the first major battle (Ghazwa) in Islamic history, fought in 624 CE. It was a significant victory for the Muslims and boosted the morale of the early Islamic community.

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is used in fire extinguishers because it displaces oxygen, thereby suffocating the fire. It is particularly effective on electrical and flammable liquid fires.

The correct helping verb is “do” to maintain subject-verb agreement with “they.” It is used for contrast in sentence structure like “We don’t... but they do.”

Raja Ram Mohan Roy played a vital role in the abolition of Sati. He was a pioneer of social reforms in India and established the Brahmo Samaj to promote progressive ideas.

Hazrat Abdul Muttalib was the grandfather of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). He was the custodian of the Kaaba and an influential figure in the Quraysh tribe during pre-Islamic Arabia.

The traditional social structure followed by Pashtuns is known as "Pashtunwali". It includes values such as hospitality, justice, bravery, and respect for women. Understanding this cultural code is vital for exams involving ethnic and regional diversity in Pakistan.

Liquid nitrogen is extensively used in science labs and medical fields due to its extremely low boiling point of –196°C. It serves in cryogenics and instant freezing applications. Remembering this temperature is important for competitive science-related questions.

The U.S. Navy's 5th Fleet is based in Bahrain and is responsible for naval forces in the Persian Gulf, Red Sea, and parts of the Indian Ocean. This is a significant strategic position in international relations and maritime security.

The United States started providing economic assistance to Pakistan in 1950. This relationship has played a significant role in shaping Pakistan’s foreign and economic policies, especially during the Cold War era.

The idiom “Out of the blue” means something happening suddenly or unexpectedly. It's commonly used in both spoken and written English and is a key phrase in idiomatic vocabulary.

In Urdu, زچگی (Zachgi) refers to the process or condition related to childbirth. It is important in understanding medical or biological terminologies in Urdu language papers.

The correct passive voice is "He is elected by the people." Passive voice changes the focus from the subject doing the action to the subject receiving the action — important in English grammar examinations.

Respiration is the reverse of photosynthesis. In respiration, organisms release energy by breaking down glucose using oxygen, unlike photosynthesis which stores energy in glucose using sunlight.

The correct preposition is “quick at.” Prepositions can change the entire meaning of a sentence, so mastering correct usage is vital for grammar-focused tests and writing accuracy.

Red Blood Cells (RBCs) have a lifespan of about 120 days. After this, they are broken down in the spleen. This is a frequently asked fact in science papers related to human biology.

Hazrat Ali Hujwiri, widely known as Data Ganj Bakhsh, was the first renowned Sufi saint to arrive in Lahore. He authored "Kashf al-Mahjub," one of the earliest treatises on Sufism. His shrine remains a major spiritual center in South Asia.

RAM (Random Access Memory) is a temporary memory that stores data for currently active processes. It gets cleared when the device is powered off. This is an essential topic in basic computer architecture.

The 1857 War of Independence was triggered in part by the use of cartridges greased with cow and pig fat, which offended both Hindu and Muslim soldiers. This revolt is a cornerstone in the history of colonial resistance in India.

The Siachen Glacier lies in the eastern Karakoram range and is situated on the Nubra River. It is one of the highest and coldest battlegrounds on earth, making it strategically important for both India and Pakistan.

Sulfuric acid is used in lead-acid batteries commonly found in vehicles. It plays a crucial role in the electrochemical reactions that produce electricity. This is a frequently tested concept in basic science MCQs.

The Indus River is the longest river in Pakistan, flowing from Tibet into the Arabian Sea. It supports agriculture, hydroelectricity, and is vital to Pakistan’s water system. It's a key geographical feature for competitive exams.

“The Big Apple” is a famous nickname for New York City, widely used in media, tourism, and entertainment. Recognizing such nicknames is useful in general knowledge exams and quizzes.

Alexander Fleming discovered Penicillin in 1928, the world’s first antibiotic. This revolutionized medicine and saved millions of lives, making it a highly important discovery in the history of science.

Open class parts of speech (like nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs) are categories where new words are regularly added. Pronouns are considered a closed class since they rarely get new additions.

Horizontal market software serves a wide range of industries and includes tools like MS Office and web browsers. Unlike vertical software, it is not tailored to a specific industry, making it more universally applicable.

Haroot and Maroot were two angels sent by Allah as a test for the people of Babylon. Mentioned in the Holy Quran (Surah Al-Baqarah), they taught magic as a trial and warned people not to misuse their knowledge. This is a notable topic in Islamic history and theology.

The Olympic rings were first introduced in 1913 by Pierre de Coubertin, symbolizing the unity of the five continents. Each ring represents a part of the world united through sports. It is frequently referenced in questions about international sports history.

Portrait orientation means the document is printed vertically, while landscape is horizontal. Portrait is the default setting for most documents. Understanding this is essential for formatting documents in word processing applications.

The Glasgow Climate Pact was signed during COP26 in 2021, aiming to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and tackle climate change. This agreement is a milestone in global environmental diplomacy and is often included in current affairs exams.

Napoleon Bonaparte was called “A Man of Destiny” due to his extraordinary rise from a military officer to Emperor of France. His campaigns and reforms shaped European history, making him a prominent figure in world history MCQs.

Hazrat Yaqoob A.S (Jacob) had 12 sons, who later became the ancestors of the twelve tribes of Israel. This information is frequently tested in Islamic Studies, especially in questions related to Prophets and their families.

Neil Shubin, in his book *Your Inner Fish*, explains human anatomy through evolutionary biology. He argues that humans carry traits inherited from fish, linking past evolutionary stages to modern physiology.

A soft copy refers to the digital output visible on a monitor. It is not printed and can be edited or shared electronically. This concept is essential in distinguishing between digital and physical data outputs.

Let Ahmad's age be x. Then, Saeed = x + a and Tanveer = x - a. Adding gives: (x + a) + (x - a) = 48 → 2x = 48 → x = 24. Ahmad is 24 years old. This type of algebraic reasoning is common in reasoning and arithmetic aptitude tests.

One byte consists of 8 bits. Each bit is a binary digit (0 or 1), and 8 bits form a byte, which is the standard unit for data measurement in computing. Understanding this is foundational in computer science and IT exams.

This sentence is in the past perfect passive voice. Its correct active voice form is: "We had bought the tickets before 1 pm." Understanding voice change is essential for grammar-focused exams and helps improve sentence structure skills.

Dr. Anita Zaidi is the first Pakistani woman inducted into the prestigious U.S. National Academy of Medicine. She is recognized globally for her contributions to pediatric infectious diseases and vaccine development, making her a significant figure in public health.

The correct preposition in this context is "to". "Stoop down to" is a standard collocation in English, especially in religious or moral sentences. Prepositions are a frequent area of testing in English grammar MCQs.

Deen-e-Elahi was a syncretic religion introduced by Mughal Emperor Akbar, which faced strong opposition from Sheikh Ahmad Sirhindi, a prominent Islamic scholar and reformer. His resistance preserved orthodox Islamic beliefs during the Mughal era.

This is a present perfect active sentence. The correct passive voice is: "Some workers have been fired by the company." Mastering voice transformation is crucial for tackling English grammar portions in competitive exams.

The Suez Canal is a key international waterway in Egypt connecting the Mediterranean and Red Seas. It significantly reduces travel distance between Europe and Asia. It’s commonly featured in geography-related competitive exams.

Given: (1/a) × (1/b) = 1 → 1/(ab) = 1 → ab = 1. But since "c" is undefined, the expression a - b - c cannot be determined. Such questions test conceptual clarity and variable understanding in algebra.

Samuel P. Huntington (not Haughting) proposed the "Clash of Civilizations" theory, stating future conflicts would be cultural rather than ideological or economic. This is a key concept in global political discourse and is frequently asked in general knowledge exams.

Abdur Rehman Chughtai was a famous Pakistani artist known for his distinctive watercolor paintings influenced by Mughal art and Islamic culture. His legacy holds an important place in South Asian artistic heritage.

The Thirty Years War ended with the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648, establishing the concept of national sovereignty in Europe. This event marked a turning point in European diplomatic history and is important for historical MCQs.

IOC stands for the International Olympic Committee, headquartered in Lausanne, Switzerland. It governs the Olympic Games and promotes international sports. Questions about the IOC are common in exams related to sports or global institutions.

Ping Pong Diplomacy began in the early 1970s, symbolizing the thawing of relations between the U.S. and China. It involved table tennis matches and paved the way for President Nixon’s historic 1972 visit to China.