Junior Clerk (BS-16) Punjab Police Department – 2022

In computer terminology, the word "hardware" refers to all the physical components of a computer, such as the monitor, keyboard, CPU, and motherboard. It contrasts with "software," which consists of the instructions that run on the hardware. Understanding this distinction is essential for basic computer literacy and is often tested in PPSC and FPSC exams.

In MS Word or Excel, double-clicking the format painter allows repeated use of the same formatting across multiple locations. Single-clicking enables it only once. This feature helps improve productivity when formatting documents and is a useful shortcut for office-related tests.

To calculate 80% of 700, multiply 700 by 0.80. The result is 560. This is a straightforward percentage question commonly found in FPSC and PPSC quantitative reasoning sections, and it tests the ability to apply basic arithmetic operations quickly.

The formula bar in MS Excel is the area where users can enter or edit data and formulas. It is located just above the worksheet. Recognizing Excel interface elements is a basic computer skill tested in various competitive exams.

The Central Processing Unit (CPU) is considered the "brain" of the computer because it performs all processing and controls the system. Understanding this term is crucial for general computer knowledge questions in competitive exams.

Pressing CTRL+S is a keyboard shortcut used to save a file in most software applications. Knowing such common shortcuts is important for computer literacy and frequently appears in FPSC and PPSC exams.

The coach leaves at 22:55 and arrives at 06:05, so the journey takes 7 hours and 10 minutes. Time calculation questions like this are common in mathematics sections of competitive tests and test your ability to work with time intervals accurately.

Conjunctions are used to link words, phrases, or clauses. In grammar, they are essential for creating compound and complex sentences. This is a basic English grammar concept that is often tested in exams like FPSC and PPSC.

First, calculate the sum: 9/11 + 5/7 = (9×7 + 5×11)/(11×7) = (63+55)/77 = 118/77 = 1.532. The answer options seem incorrect; however, based on format, option D is marked correct. This might be a typo or placeholder—check accuracy when such confusion arises.

“My brother and friend” is a compound subject, so the verb must be plural. Therefore, the correct choice is “help.” Grammar structure is essential in English MCQs for FPSC and PPSC exams, especially in sentence correction sections.

The Faraizi Movement was initiated by Haji Shariat Ullah in Bengal during the 19th century. It aimed to purify Islam by eliminating un-Islamic practices and promoting religious obligations (Faraiz). This movement played a key role in awakening Islamic consciousness in British India and resisting Hindu landlords and British rule.

The Cabinet Mission Plan was proclaimed in February 1946 by the British Government. Its goal was to discuss and finalize the transfer of power to Indian leadership. The plan proposed a federal structure and aimed to preserve the unity of India while addressing communal tensions between Hindus and Muslims.

The correct preposition used with "afraid" in this sentence is "of." So, "Amnia is afraid of spiders" is the grammatically correct structure. This is a basic English grammar rule essential for exams testing prepositional usage.

Humayun reclaimed the throne of Delhi in 1555 after defeating the Afghan forces under Sikandar Suri. His return marked a brief Mughal restoration before Akbar took over. This event is significant in Mughal history for understanding dynastic continuity and challenges.

The idiom "to cry wolf" means to raise a false alarm or to lie repeatedly, which leads people to disbelieve you when you are actually telling the truth. This idiom comes from Aesop’s fable “The Boy Who Cried Wolf.” It's commonly asked in English vocabulary sections of competitive exams.</p

The word “acknowledge” is the correct antonym of “deny.” Where “deny” means to refuse to admit something, “acknowledge” means to accept or admit the existence or truth of something. Understanding antonyms helps in solving vocabulary-based questions quickly and accurately.

“Subway” refers to an underground passage, typically used by pedestrians or as a transportation route like an underground train. This term is often found in general vocabulary or comprehension sections in competitive exams.

In humans, the primary nitrogenous waste excreted through urine is urea. Urea is produced in the liver during the breakdown of amino acids and is transported to the kidneys for excretion. This topic is frequently tested in biology or everyday science sections.

“Detest” means to strongly dislike or hate something. The correct antonym is “love.” This type of vocabulary-based question checks the candidate’s understanding of word meanings and opposites, which is essential for scoring well in English sections.

“Poke one’s nose into” is an idiomatic expression meaning to interfere or get involved in someone else’s affairs, usually without invitation. It's a commonly tested idiom in English MCQs to check understanding of figurative language.

The Cabinet Mission Plan was proclaimed in February 1946 by the British government to discuss the transfer of power from British rule to Indian leadership. It aimed to preserve Indian unity while satisfying both the Indian National Congress and the Muslim League. Understanding its date and purpose is essential for those preparing for FPSC and PPSC history-based exams.

Syed Ahmad Shaheed initiated the Jihad movement against the Sikh rulers in the early 19th century. His objective was to establish Islamic governance and resist oppression in the Indian subcontinent. This movement is a significant part of Pakistan’s freedom struggle and is frequently tested in competitive history papers.

The idiom "poke one’s nose into" means interfering in someone else's matters without being asked. It is a commonly tested phrase in English vocabulary sections of PPSC and FPSC exams. Recognizing idioms can greatly enhance language comprehension and performance in competitive tests.

Evaporation is the process where water molecules leave the liquid phase and become vapor from the surface. It occurs below the boiling point and is influenced by temperature and wind. Understanding this basic scientific concept is important in Everyday Science sections of PPSC/FPSC exams.

"Add fuel to the fire" is an idiomatic expression meaning to worsen a bad situation. It is a key phrase often found in English comprehension or idiom-based questions. Knowing such phrases helps improve contextual understanding in competitive English tests.

Amanita Phalloides, also known as the death cap mushroom, is highly toxic and not consumable. Recognizing poisonous and edible mushrooms is vital in Everyday Science for health and safety-related questions in general knowledge exams.

The correct verb in subjunctive mood here is "were" because the sentence expresses a hypothetical or unreal condition. Grammar structure like this is commonly tested in English sections of FPSC/PPSC papers, especially under conditional and wish statements.

Calcium oxalate is the most frequent cause of kidney stones, forming crystals in the kidneys that lead to severe pain. Knowledge of such common health conditions is often tested under Everyday Science in competitive exams.

A luminous body emits light on its own, like the sun or a bulb. This is a key physics concept relevant to energy and wave theory, regularly appearing in science-based questions in PPSC/FPSC exams.

The Pakistan-China border agreement was finalized in 1963, marking a major diplomatic milestone. It settled border disputes and strengthened bilateral relations. Questions on such treaties are important for Pak Studies in competitive exams.

The Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO) was constituted in 1985 by Iran, Pakistan, and Turkey to enhance regional economic integration. It replaced the former Regional Cooperation for Development (RCD). The organization now includes 10 member countries and focuses on trade, transport, and energy cooperation. Knowing ECO’s foundation year is important for current affairs in PPSC and FPSC exams.

The Indus Waters Treaty was signed in 1960 to settle water-sharing issues between India and Pakistan over the Indus River system. Mediated by the World Bank, the treaty gave India control over the eastern rivers and Pakistan control over the western rivers. It remains a vital agreement in regional water politics. This is often asked in exams related to Pak-India relations.

International Children’s Day is commemorated on 20 November each year. This date marks the adoption of the Declaration of the Rights of the Child (1959) and the Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989). It is globally observed to promote child welfare and education. This date is essential in general knowledge papers.

Asia is the most populated continent, home to more than 4.7 billion people—over half of the world’s population. It includes highly populous countries like China, India, and Indonesia. Understanding demographic patterns is key for geography and current affairs questions in FPSC/PPSC tests.

In squash, the ball is allowed to rebound only once on the floor after each shot. A second bounce results in the loss of the rally. This is a commonly tested rule in sports-related questions in general knowledge sections of competitive exams.

The Ghazi Barotha Hydropower Project is built on the Indus River in Punjab, near Attock. It’s an important part of Pakistan’s hydroelectric power generation system. Knowing the locations and rivers associated with major dams is crucial for geography and current affairs MCQs.

The chemical formula of washing soda is Na₂CO₃ (sodium carbonate). It is commonly used in cleaning products, water softening, and as a component in glass manufacturing. Basic chemical formulas like this are frequently included in everyday science portions of exams.

The All India Muslim League was established on December 30, 1906, in Dhaka under the leadership of Nawab Salimullah Khan. It played a vital role in the political awakening of Muslims and later in the Pakistan Movement. This date is foundational in Pakistani history questions.

Ladakh, a Union Territory of India, consists of two administrative districts: Leh and Kargil. Understanding current geopolitical divisions, especially in disputed regions like Kashmir and Ladakh, is important for current affairs and geography sections in competitive exams.

The Siachen Glacier is the longest in the Karakoram and the second-longest in non-polar regions, stretching over 76 km. It is strategically located and often in news due to military presence. Geography and current affairs MCQs frequently feature such important physical landmarks.

The 2022 FIFA World Cup was conducted in Qatar, marking the first time the tournament was hosted by a Middle Eastern country. Qatar made significant infrastructural developments to host this global event, including stadiums and transportation systems. The event took place in winter (November–December) to avoid the extreme summer heat. This tournament was also the last to feature 32 teams before expansion to 48 teams in 2026.

Pakistan covers a total territory of 881,913 square kilometers, making it the 33rd-largest country in the world by area. This area includes all four provinces, Gilgit-Baltistan, and the Azad Jammu and Kashmir region. Understanding Pakistan’s total area is essential for questions related to geography, population distribution, and national planning strategies.

Sanna Marin gained international recognition as the youngest prime minister of Finland, assuming office at the age of 34. She represents the Social Democratic Party and has been noted for her progressive policies and leadership during crises, including COVID-19. Her election made headlines globally and highlighted a growing trend of young leaders in global politics.

The Khyber Pass is a historic and strategically significant mountain pass that connects Pakistan with Afghanistan. Located in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, it has served as a critical trade and invasion route for centuries. The pass is especially important in military history and regional trade, making it a frequently tested topic in geography-based exams.

The Kirthar mountain range is positioned in the southern region of Pakistan, primarily within Sindh and Balochistan provinces. It extends from the Mula River in Balochistan to Cape Monze near Karachi. This range is known for its unique rock formations, wildlife, and role in separating climatic zones. It is an important feature in Pakistan’s southern geography.

Europe is the only continent that contains no desert. While it has diverse landscapes like mountains, plains, and rivers, it lacks arid, sandy desert regions. Understanding the distribution of deserts helps students answer questions on climate, geography, and world ecosystems in competitive exams.

Khunjerab Pass is the primary border crossing between Pakistan and China. Located in the Karakoram mountain range, it is part of the Karakoram Highway, which connects Gilgit-Baltistan with China's Xinjiang region. This pass is crucial for trade, tourism, and strategic connectivity under the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC).

Asad Umar served as the chairman of the National Command and Operation Centre (NCOC), which was the primary body responsible for coordinating Pakistan’s COVID-19 response. The NCOC played a vital role in data collection, lockdown management, and vaccine distribution. Knowing key figures in national institutions is important for current affairs preparation.