“The Indus Valley Civilization was mainly discovered through excavations led by:”

"Sir John Marshall as Director-General of the Archaeological Survey of India led the 1920s excavations that revealed the Indus Valley Civilization. His work at sites like Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro uncovered a sophisticated urban culture dating to 2600–1900 BCE. Marshall’s systematic approach identified advanced city planning sanitation systems and trade networks reshaping understanding of South Asia’s ancient history. His findings highlighted the civilization’s cultural and economic complexity establishing it as a cornerstone of early urban development. Marshall’s legacy endures in the continued study of this Bronze Age civilization."