What is the customary ethical code practiced by the Pashtun people?

Pashtunwali is the traditional code of conduct followed by the Pashtun people for centuries. It governs social behavior through principles such as hospitality honor loyalty and justice. Key elements include Melmastia hospitality Nanawatai asylum and Badal revenge for injustice. This unwritten code functions alongside religious laws and has played a central role in maintaining social order in Pashtun communities. It influences conflict resolution marriage customs and tribal leadership. Even with modernization Pashtunwali remains a defining aspect of Pashtun identity preserving cultural heritage and ensuring mutual respect within and across Pashtun societies in Afghanistan and Pakistan.