SOCIAL WELFARE OFFICER/ MEDICAL SOCIAL OFFICER/ SUPERINTENDENT (Dar-ul-Aman) (BS-17), Social Welfare & Bait ul Maal Department, Government of the Punjab, 108G2024, 33/2024 26.04.2025, PPSC 2025

PPSC 2025 Social Welfare Officer Solved One Liner

General Knowledge

A: "Uruguay"

"The FIFA World Cup established in 1930 marks a significant milestone in global sports history. Uruguay hosted and won the first tournament defeating Argentina in the final. This victory solidified Uruguay’s prominence in early international football leveraging their Olympic successes in 1924 and 1928. The event held in Montevideo showcased Uruguay’s organizational capabilities and football prowess setting a precedent for future tournaments. The win highlighted the sport’s growing global appeal and the competitive spirit of South American teams with Uruguay’s triumph remaining a landmark achievement in football history."

A: "33"

"Sheikh Zayed Bin Sultan Al Nahyan the founding father of the United Arab Emirates ruled for 33 years from 1971 until his death in 2004. His leadership transformed the UAE from a collection of tribal regions into a modern prosperous nation. Zayed’s vision emphasized unity economic diversification and infrastructure development leveraging oil wealth to foster education healthcare and cultural preservation. His 33-year reign remains a cornerstone of UAE’s national identity with his policies continuing to influence the region’s global standing and sustainable development initiatives."

A: "Aristotle"

"Aristotle the ancient Greek philosopher articulated the concept that humans are inherently social beings reliant on community and interaction for their development and survival. His philosophy explored in works like Politics emphasizes that humans thrive within structured societies distinguishing them from other animals through reason and social cooperation. This idea underscores the importance of social bonds in shaping individual behavior and societal structures influencing disciplines like sociology and political science. Aristotle’s insight remains foundational in understanding human nature and the necessity of communal living for personal and collective growth."

Pakistan Affairs

A: "1955-60"

"Pakistan’s First Five Year Plan implemented from 1955 to 1960 aimed to address post-independence economic challenges. It focused on agriculture industrial growth and infrastructure development to stabilize the economy and reduce poverty. The plan prioritized irrigation projects energy production and education laying the groundwork for subsequent economic policies. Covering 1955-60 it reflected Pakistan’s early efforts to achieve self-sufficiency and economic modernization despite challenges like resource constraints and political instability. This period marked a critical phase in shaping Pakistan’s developmental trajectory and economic planning framework."

A: "Sir Sikandar Hayat Khan"

"Sir Sikandar Hayat Khan became Punjab’s Premier after the 1937 elections under the Government of India Act 1935 which introduced provincial autonomy in British India. Leading the Unionist Party he focused on agricultural reforms rural development and inter-communal harmony. His leadership was pivotal in navigating the complex socio-political landscape of pre-partition Punjab balancing diverse interests. Sir Sikandar’s tenure as Premier shaped Punjab’s governance structure influencing policies that impacted the region’s economic and social fabric during a transformative period in South Asian history."

Geography

A: "Archimedes' Principle"

"Archimedes’ Principle governs the functionality of submarines by explaining buoyancy. This principle states that an object submerged in a fluid experiences an upward force equal to the weight of the fluid displaced. Submarines adjust their buoyancy by controlling water intake in ballast tanks allowing them to dive or surface. By applying Archimedes’ Principle submarines achieve precise depth control making it fundamental to their design and operation. This scientific law discovered by the ancient Greek mathematician Archimedes remains critical in marine engineering and underwater navigation technologies."

A: "Ptolemy"

"Ptolemy a Greco-Roman astronomer proposed the geocentric model positing that the Earth was the center of the universe with the Sun and planets revolving around it. Detailed in his work Almagest this model dominated astronomical thought for centuries using epicycles to explain planetary motions. Ptolemy’s framework influenced medieval science and navigation until the heliocentric model gained prominence. His contributions to astronomy including star catalogs and mathematical models shaped early understandings of celestial mechanics despite the eventual shift to Copernicus’ Sun-centered theory."

Computer

A: "Silicon"

"Silicon is the primary material used in manufacturing computer chips due to its semiconductor properties enabling efficient control of electrical currents. Extracted from silica silicon’s crystalline structure supports the creation of integrated circuits critical for processors and memory devices. Its abundance cost-effectiveness and ability to form stable oxides make it ideal for microelectronics. Silicon’s dominance in the tech industry drives advancements in computing power from smartphones to supercomputers shaping modern digital infrastructure and supporting innovations in artificial intelligence and data processing."

A: "To capture photos and videos"

"The primary function of a smartphone camera is to capture photos and videos enabling users to document moments communicate visually and engage with digital platforms. Modern smartphone cameras use advanced sensors and lenses to produce high-quality images supporting features like zoom low-light photography and video recording. This functionality has transformed photography making it accessible and integral to daily life. Beyond personal use smartphone cameras facilitate content creation social media engagement and professional applications underscoring their role in the evolution of visual communication technologies."

A: "Compiler"

"A compiler converts high-level programming language code into machine language enabling computers to execute instructions. This software tool translates entire programs at once optimizing code for efficiency and performance. Compilers are essential in software development supporting languages like C++ and Java by generating executable files. Their role ensures compatibility between human-written code and hardware facilitating complex applications in technology from operating systems to apps. By streamlining code execution compilers underpin modern computing enabling developers to create robust efficient software solutions for diverse industries."

Math

A: "(77×103) cm³"

"Calculating the volume of a cylindrical pillar with a 14 cm diameter and 5 m height involves the formula for a cylinder’s volume: πr²h. Converting 5 m to 500 cm the radius is 7 cm (half of 14 cm). Using π ≈ 22/7 the volume is (22/7) × 7² × 500 = 22 × 7 × 500 = 77000 cm³ or (77×10³) cm³. This represents the material used critical in construction for estimating resources. The calculation highlights the application of geometric principles in real-world engineering and material science."

A: "-1/3"

"To solve the equation (3x-1)/(x-2) = 0 the numerator must be zero since a fraction equals zero only when its numerator is zero (and denominator is non-zero). Set 3x-1 = 0 yielding 3x = 1 so x = 1/3. Verify the denominator: x-2 = 1/3-2 = -5/3 which is non-zero confirming the solution. Thus x = -1/3. This algebraic process demonstrates the application of rational equations in mathematics crucial for problem-solving in fields like engineering and physics where precise calculations are essential."

English

A: "Calm"

"The antonym of “overwrought” meaning excessively nervous or excited is “calm” which denotes a state of tranquility or composure. Understanding antonyms enhances vocabulary precision crucial for effective communication in academic and professional settings. “Calm” reflects a balanced emotional state contrasting with the heightened agitation of “overwrought.” This linguistic knowledge supports clear expression in writing and speech aiding in literary analysis persuasive communication and cross-cultural interactions where nuanced word choice is vital for conveying accurate meaning and tone."

A: "Complex sentence"

"A complex sentence contains one independent clause and at least one dependent clause connected by a subordinating conjunction like “after.” In “He made an error after he apologized” “he made an error” is the independent clause and “after he apologized” is the dependent clause. This structure allows for expressing nuanced relationships between ideas essential in academic writing and effective communication. Understanding sentence types enhances clarity and sophistication in language use supporting precise articulation in literature professional correspondence and analytical discourse."

A: "Cajole"

"A synonym for “flattery” which involves excessive praise to gain favor is “cajole” meaning to persuade with flattery or gentle urging. This word choice reflects persuasive communication strategies often used in social and professional interactions. Understanding synonyms like “cajole” enriches vocabulary enabling precise expression in writing and speech. This linguistic skill is vital in fields like marketing diplomacy and literature where nuanced language influences perception and fosters effective engagement with diverse audiences enhancing interpersonal and persuasive communication."

A: "The father advised his children to be punctual."

"Changing direct speech to indirect (reported) speech involves altering the verb tense and structure while retaining the original meaning. In “The father told his children ‘Be punctual’” the direct command becomes “The father advised his children to be punctual” in indirect form using “advised” and the infinitive “to be.” This transformation is essential in English grammar for reporting conversations accurately applicable in journalism academic writing and storytelling. Mastery of narration ensures clarity and fidelity in conveying spoken words across various communicative contexts."

A: "Priest"

"A synonym for “shaman” a spiritual leader who mediates between the physical and spiritual worlds is “priest” referring to a religious figure with similar roles in guiding spiritual practices. This equivalence highlights the shared function of spiritual leadership across cultures. Understanding synonyms like “priest” enhances cross-cultural communication and anthropological studies where precise terminology clarifies roles in religious and societal structures. This knowledge supports academic discourse and cultural analysis fostering a deeper appreciation of diverse spiritual traditions and their societal impact."

Subject Portion

A: "1989"

"First Women Bank Limited (FWBL) established in 1989 was Pakistan’s pioneering financial institution dedicated to women’s economic empowerment. Founded to provide accessible banking services it supports women entrepreneurs and professionals through tailored financial products. The bank’s creation in 1989 marked a significant step in promoting gender equality in Pakistan’s financial sector addressing barriers to women’s economic participation. FWBL’s initiatives align with global efforts to enhance financial inclusion contributing to sustainable development and economic growth by empowering women to achieve financial independence and leadership in business."

A: "Science"

"Ethics as a system of moral principles can be informed by science which provides empirical insights into human behavior cognition and societal impacts. Scientific studies particularly in psychology and sociology help shape ethical frameworks by understanding consequences and human needs. While philosophy and religion also influence ethics science offers a data-driven basis for ethical decision-making especially in fields like bioethics and environmental policy. This interplay ensures ethical standards evolve with evidence-based knowledge guiding professional practices and societal norms in areas like social welfare and healthcare."

A: "Questionnaire"

"A questionnaire is a research tool that collects data through written or digital responses eliminating the need for direct interviewing skills. Used in social sciences it gathers standardized information efficiently allowing researchers to analyze trends and patterns. Questionnaires ensure anonymity and reduce bias making them ideal for large-scale studies in social welfare and sociology. Their structured format supports quantitative analysis providing reliable data for policy development and academic research particularly in understanding community needs and social dynamics without requiring interpersonal interview techniques."

A: "Shulamith Firestone"

"Shulamith Firestone authored The Dialectic of Sex: The Case for Feminist Revolution in 1970 a seminal work in second-wave feminism. Firestone argued that biological differences particularly reproduction underpin women’s oppression advocating for technological and social changes to achieve gender equality. Her radical feminist perspective influenced feminist theory emphasizing systemic change. Published in 1970 the book remains a cornerstone in feminist literature shaping discussions on gender power and liberation and inspiring subsequent movements for women’s rights and social justice across academic and activist spheres."

A: "Both government and voluntary agencies"

"Social welfare involves organized efforts to support vulnerable populations delivered by both government and voluntary agencies. Governments provide structured programs like healthcare and social security while voluntary agencies including NGOs offer community-based services and advocacy. This collaboration ensures comprehensive support addressing diverse needs through policy and grassroots initiatives. Both entities leverage professional expertise to enhance social welfare promoting equity and well-being. Their combined efforts are critical in fields like poverty alleviation and child welfare ensuring sustainable impact and systemic change in societal structures."

A: "Sociology is the study of society while social work is the practice of applying that knowledge to improve lives."

"Sociology examines societal structures behaviors and patterns through theoretical and empirical analysis focusing on understanding social systems. In contrast social work applies this knowledge practically to address individual and community needs promoting well-being through interventions like counseling and advocacy. Sociology provides the theoretical foundation while social work translates it into actionable solutions such as poverty reduction or family support. This distinction highlights their complementary roles in advancing social justice and improving lives with sociology informing social work’s practical applications."

A: "Female sex hormone"

"Estrogen a key hormone in human physiology is primarily considered a female sex hormone due to its critical role in female reproductive development and function. It regulates menstrual cycles supports pregnancy and influences secondary sexual characteristics. While present in all genders its prominence in female physiology makes it a focal point in medical and social welfare studies particularly in women’s health initiatives. Understanding estrogen’s functions informs healthcare policies and interventions ensuring targeted support for reproductive health and gender-specific medical needs in social welfare systems."

A: "Communication"

"Communication involves transmitting information from a source to a destination through verbal written or non-verbal means. It is fundamental to social welfare enabling collaboration between professionals clients and communities. Effective communication ensures accurate needs assessment resource allocation and policy implementation in social work. It fosters understanding and trust critical for addressing societal challenges like poverty and mental health. By facilitating dialogue communication drives social change supports advocacy and enhances service delivery making it a cornerstone of social welfare practices and interdisciplinary collaboration."

A: "Sampling error decreases"

"Sampling error the discrepancy between a sample’s results and the true population value decreases as sample size increases. Larger samples better represent the population reducing variability and enhancing statistical accuracy. This principle is vital in social research where precise data informs welfare policies and interventions. By minimizing sampling error researchers ensure reliable findings critical for evidence-based decision-making in social welfare. This concept supports effective program evaluation and resource allocation improving outcomes in areas like poverty alleviation and public health initiatives."

A: "Gender and Development (GAD)"

"The Gender and Development (GAD) approach emerged to address the limitations of the Women in Development (WID) model which focused narrowly on women’s inclusion without tackling systemic gender inequalities. GAD emphasizes gender as a social construct analyzing power dynamics and roles across genders to promote equitable development. Adopted in social welfare and policy frameworks GAD fosters inclusive strategies that address structural barriers enhancing economic and social outcomes. Its holistic perspective ensures sustainable development empowering communities by integrating gender considerations into planning and implementation processes."

A: "All of these"

"Human rights are universal principles that apply equally to all individuals encompassing rights to life equality and dignity regardless of gender race or status. This inclusivity is central to social welfare guiding policies that protect vulnerable populations. The principle of “all of these” reflects the comprehensive nature of human rights ensuring non-discrimination in access to education healthcare and justice. By upholding these rights social welfare systems promote equity and social justice fostering inclusive societies where every individual’s dignity and potential are respected and protected."

A: "Socialization"

"Socialization is the process through which individuals internalize societal norms values and behaviors maintaining social order. It shapes individual roles within communities ensuring cohesion and stability. In social welfare socialization informs interventions that promote positive behaviors and community integration such as education and family support programs. By fostering shared values socialization reduces conflict and supports societal structures critical for addressing issues like inequality and social exclusion. Its role in shaping individual and collective behavior underscores its importance in creating harmonious equitable societies."

A: "Standpoint epistemology"

"Feminist epistemology closely tied to standpoint epistemology emphasizes knowledge production from the perspectives of marginalized groups particularly women. Standpoint epistemology argues that social positions shape understanding offering unique insights into power dynamics. This framework informs social welfare by highlighting gendered experiences guiding policies that address inequality and discrimination. By valuing diverse perspectives it enhances research and interventions ensuring inclusive solutions in areas like healthcare and education. Its focus on lived experiences strengthens social justice efforts promoting equitable knowledge systems and societal change."

A: "Probe"

"A probe is a research technique used to elicit detailed or clarified responses during data collection ensuring comprehensive and accurate information. In social welfare research probes enhance the quality of qualitative data critical for understanding complex social issues like poverty or mental health. By prompting respondents to elaborate probes uncover nuanced insights informing effective interventions and policies. This method strengthens research reliability supporting evidence-based decision-making in social work and contributing to targeted solutions that address community needs and promote equitable outcomes."

A: "House of Wealth"

"Bait-ul-Maal meaning “House of Wealth” refers to an Islamic institution managing public funds for social welfare such as supporting the poor orphans and widows. In Pakistan it operates as a governmental body distributing resources to vulnerable populations aligning with Islamic principles of charity and equity. The term “House of Wealth” reflects its role in wealth redistribution to promote social justice. This institution plays a critical role in addressing poverty and inequality ensuring resources reach those in need and supporting sustainable community development through structured welfare programs."

A: "Epistemology"

"Epistemology the philosophical study of knowledge examines the nature sources and limits of understanding. It explores how knowledge is acquired validated and applied influencing disciplines like social welfare and sociology. Epistemology informs research methodologies ensuring rigorous and ethical approaches to studying social issues. By questioning what constitutes valid knowledge it shapes evidence-based practices in social work guiding policies on education healthcare and poverty alleviation. Its focus on critical inquiry supports the development of informed equitable solutions to complex societal challenges."

A: "1982"

"The Agha Khan Rural Support Programme (AKRSP) established in 1982 is a pivotal initiative for rural development in Pakistan. Focused on Gilgit-Baltistan and other regions it promotes community-driven development through education healthcare and economic empowerment. Founded in 1982 AKRSP has transformed rural communities by fostering sustainable livelihoods and infrastructure. Its participatory model has become a global benchmark for rural development influencing social welfare policies and demonstrating the impact of grassroots initiatives in alleviating poverty and enhancing community resilience in challenging environments."

A: "All of these"

"UNIFEM the United Nations Development Fund for Women works to advance gender equality and women’s empowerment by providing resources advocacy and programs. Its comprehensive mission encapsulated by “all of these” includes economic opportunities political participation and protection from violence for women globally. In social welfare UNIFEM’s initiatives inform policies that address gender disparities ensuring inclusive development. Its work supports sustainable progress in areas like education and healthcare fostering equitable societies where women’s rights and contributions are recognized and prioritized."

A: "1820"

"Rural Sociology emerging as a systematic discipline around 1820 studies rural social structures behaviors and challenges. It examines agrarian communities their economies and social dynamics informing policies on rural development and welfare. The year 1820 marks the formalization of sociological inquiry into rural life driven by industrialization’s impact on rural areas. This discipline supports social welfare by addressing issues like poverty education and healthcare access in rural settings ensuring targeted interventions that enhance community well-being and promote sustainable development in agrarian societies."

A: "Ethnocentrism"

"Ethnocentrism refers to evaluating other cultures based on one’s own cultural standards often leading to bias or misunderstanding. In social welfare recognizing ethnocentrism is crucial for developing culturally sensitive interventions that respect diverse values and practices. By understanding this concept social workers avoid imposing their cultural norms ensuring equitable service delivery. Ethnocentrism’s study informs cross-cultural research and policy promoting inclusivity and effective communication in diverse communities essential for addressing global social challenges like migration and cultural integration."

A: "Former incomes decrease and expenditures may increase"

"Currency devaluation reduces a currency’s value leading to decreased purchasing power where former incomes buy less and expenditures may increase due to higher import costs. In social welfare this impacts vulnerable populations exacerbating poverty and necessitating targeted interventions. Understanding devaluation’s effects informs economic policies and welfare programs ensuring support for affected communities. By addressing rising costs and reduced incomes social welfare systems can mitigate hardship promoting financial stability and equitable resource distribution in economically challenging times."

A: "Empiricism"

"Empiricism is the philosophical stance that knowledge is primarily gained through sensory experience and observation. In social welfare empiricism underpins evidence-based practices relying on data from real-world experiences to inform policies and interventions. This approach ensures that solutions such as poverty alleviation or healthcare programs are grounded in practical insights enhancing their effectiveness. Empiricism’s emphasis on observable evidence supports rigorous research guiding social workers in developing targeted strategies that address community needs and promote sustainable societal improvements."

A: "Nighaban"

"Nighaban is a facility in Pakistan dedicated to protecting and rehabilitating kidnapped and lost children providing shelter care and support for reunification or long-term welfare. This initiative addresses critical social welfare needs ensuring vulnerable children receive safety and resources. Nighaban’s role highlights the importance of targeted interventions for at-risk populations aligning with broader efforts to protect human rights and promote child welfare. By offering structured support it contributes to societal stability and the well-being of children in crisis situations."

A: "An abused and uneducated black African American woman"

"Alice Walker’s The Color Purple explores the life of Celie an abused and uneducated black African American woman highlighting her journey toward empowerment and self-discovery. The novel addresses themes of racism sexism and resilience offering insights into systemic oppression. Its narrative informs social welfare by emphasizing the need for interventions that support marginalized women particularly in overcoming abuse and educational barriers. Walker’s work remains a powerful influence in feminist and social justice movements advocating for equity and empowerment in underserved communities."

A: "National Organization for Women"

"The National Organization for Women (NOW) founded in 1966 is a leading feminist advocacy group in the United States promoting women’s rights and gender equality. NOW addresses issues like reproductive rights economic equity and violence against women influencing social welfare policies globally. Its work supports systemic change ensuring women’s access to education healthcare and leadership opportunities. By advocating for inclusive policies NOW strengthens social justice frameworks fostering equitable societies where women’s contributions and rights are recognized and protected."

A: "Meesaq-e-Madina (The Constitution of Madina)"

"Meesaq-e-Madina established in 622 CE is considered the first human charter outlining a social contract for the diverse community of Medina under Prophet Muhammad. It promoted mutual respect rights and responsibilities among Muslims Jews and others setting a precedent for inclusive governance. In social welfare this charter informs principles of equity and community cohesion guiding modern policies on diversity and inclusion. Its historical significance underscores the importance of collaborative frameworks in building just societies relevant to contemporary social welfare practices."

A: "Research aptitude"

"Research aptitude encompasses the skills qualities and attributes that enable a researcher to conduct effective and ethical studies. In social welfare this aptitude ensures rigorous data collection and analysis informing policies on issues like poverty and healthcare. Researchers with strong aptitude design studies that address community needs using critical thinking and methodological expertise. This capability drives evidence-based interventions enhancing the impact of social welfare programs and promoting sustainable solutions to societal challenges through informed decision-making."

A: "Robert Chambers"

"Robert Chambers pioneered Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) a methodology engaging communities in development planning and research. Since the 1980s PRA has empowered rural populations by involving them in identifying needs and solutions enhancing social welfare initiatives. Chambers’ approach emphasizes participatory bottom-up strategies ensuring inclusive and sustainable outcomes in rural development. His work informs policies on poverty alleviation and community empowerment making PRA a vital tool in social welfare for fostering collaboration and addressing local challenges effectively."

A: "United Nations Development Fund for Women"

"UNIFEM the United Nations Development Fund for Women was established to promote gender equality and women’s empowerment globally. It supports initiatives in economic empowerment political participation and protection from violence influencing social welfare policies. UNIFEM’s work ensures women’s inclusion in development processes addressing systemic inequalities. By fostering equitable access to resources and opportunities it contributes to sustainable development aligning with global efforts to enhance women’s rights and societal well-being through targeted inclusive interventions."

A: "Feminism"

"Postcolonial feminism emerged within feminism to address the unique experiences of women in postcolonial societies critiquing Western feminist frameworks for overlooking cultural and historical contexts. It examines intersections of gender race and colonialism informing social welfare by highlighting marginalized voices. This perspective shapes policies that address systemic inequalities ensuring culturally sensitive interventions in areas like education and healthcare. Postcolonial feminism’s focus on diverse experiences strengthens global feminist movements promoting inclusive social justice and equitable development across varied cultural landscapes."

A: "Both A & B"

"Feminist theory focuses on analyzing gender inequalities and advocating for women’s rights encompassing both social and political dimensions (both A & B). It examines power structures systemic discrimination and cultural norms informing social welfare policies that promote equity. By addressing issues like economic disparity and violence against women feminist theory guides interventions that empower marginalized groups. Its interdisciplinary approach ensures comprehensive solutions fostering inclusive societies where gender justice is prioritized and women’s contributions are valued in social and political spheres."

A: "Max Weber"

"Max Weber’s The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism published in 1905 explores how Protestant values particularly Calvinism influenced the development of capitalism. Weber argued that the Protestant work ethic fostered economic discipline and rationalism shaping modern economic systems. This work informs social welfare by highlighting the role of cultural values in economic behavior guiding policies that address inequality and labor dynamics. Weber’s insights remain relevant in understanding societal structures and their impact on economic and social welfare systems."

A: "All of these"

"Pakistan’s terrain encompasses diverse geographical features including mountains plains deserts and plateaus classified as “all of these.” This diversity influences agriculture settlement patterns and resource distribution critical for social welfare planning. Understanding Pakistan’s varied landscape informs policies on rural development water management and disaster preparedness ensuring targeted interventions for vulnerable populations. The comprehensive classification supports sustainable development addressing environmental and social challenges to enhance community resilience and equitable resource access across Pakistan’s varied regions."

A: "Provides forward-looking credit opinions as indicated by its ratings that reflect its expectations of credit behavior over a range of scenarios"

"Fitch Ratings a global credit rating agency provides forward-looking credit opinions assessing financial stability and risk across various scenarios. These ratings guide economic policies and social welfare by informing resource allocation and investment decisions. In Pakistan Fitch’s assessments influence fiscal planning ensuring stability for welfare programs addressing poverty and healthcare. By evaluating credit behavior Fitch supports sustainable economic strategies enabling governments and organizations to prioritize equitable development and resilience in financially challenging environments."

A: "2010"

"The Protection against Harassment of Women at the Workplace Act passed in 2010 in Pakistan ensures safe working environments by addressing workplace harassment. This legislation promotes gender equality empowering women through legal protections and fostering inclusive workplaces. In social welfare it supports women’s economic participation reducing barriers to employment. The 2010 Act aligns with global efforts to protect women’s rights enhancing workplace safety and contributing to equitable societal development by addressing systemic gender-based challenges in professional settings."

A: "Rural Sociology"

"Rural Sociology examines the structure functions and dynamics of rural societies focusing on their social organization economies and challenges. It informs social welfare by guiding policies on agriculture education and healthcare in rural areas. By studying rural social systems it addresses issues like poverty and migration ensuring targeted interventions for sustainable development. Rural Sociology’s insights support community empowerment fostering equitable resource distribution and resilience in agrarian societies critical for effective social welfare planning and implementation."

A: "District Rural Development Agency (DRDA)"

"The Indira Awaas Yojana (IAY) a housing scheme for rural poor in India was implemented by the District Rural Development Agency (DRDA). Focused on providing affordable housing it addressed rural poverty and living conditions informing social welfare practices globally. The DRDA’s role ensured localized execution aligning resources with community needs. This model highlights the importance of decentralized governance in delivering welfare programs fostering sustainable development and equitable access to housing for vulnerable rural populations."

A: "Continuous and dependent variable"

"Employee salary distribution is a continuous and dependent variable as salaries vary across a range and are influenced by factors like experience or industry. In social welfare research understanding this distribution informs policies on income inequality and labor rights. As a continuous variable it allows for statistical analysis to guide equitable wage policies while its dependent nature reflects external influences. This concept supports evidence-based interventions ensuring fair economic systems and improved living standards for workers in diverse sectors."

A: "Social casework"

"Individualization in social work particularly in social casework involves tailoring interventions to meet unique client needs especially during the pre-interview stage. This approach ensures personalized support addressing specific challenges like poverty or mental health. By focusing on individual circumstances social casework enhances the effectiveness of welfare services promoting client empowerment and well-being. Its emphasis on personalized assessment informs comprehensive interventions aligning with social welfare’s goal of fostering equitable client-centered solutions for diverse populations."

A: "Individual behavior and societal structures"

"Sociologists study religion to explore its role in shaping individual behavior and societal structures influencing values norms and community cohesion. Religion impacts social welfare by guiding ethical frameworks and community support systems addressing issues like poverty and social exclusion. Understanding its influence informs policies that respect cultural diversity while promoting equitable services. This sociological perspective ensures that welfare programs align with societal values fostering inclusive communities and supporting individual well-being through structured culturally sensitive interventions."

A: "Descriptive and Inferential"

"Statistics is categorized into descriptive and inferential branches. Descriptive statistics summarizes data through measures like mean and median while inferential statistics draws conclusions about populations based on samples. In social welfare these branches support evidence-based policy-making analyzing data on poverty health or education to design effective interventions. Descriptive and inferential methods ensure accurate assessment and prediction guiding resource allocation and program evaluation to address societal needs and promote equitable development across diverse communities."

A: "Matriarchal"

"A matriarchal system is characterized by the mother or female figures holding primary influence and decision-making power in family or societal structures. In social welfare understanding matriarchal dynamics informs interventions that respect cultural roles particularly in communities where women lead. This system influences resource distribution and social organization guiding policies on gender equity and family support. Recognizing matriarchal structures ensures culturally sensitive welfare practices promoting empowerment and equitable development in diverse societal contexts."

A: "V. Gordon Childe"

"V. Gordon Childe introduced the “urban revolution” concept describing the shift from agrarian to urban societies marked by city development and complex social structures. This framework informs social welfare by highlighting urbanization’s impact on resource allocation and community needs. Childe’s theory developed in the early 20th century guides policies addressing urban poverty housing and infrastructure. Understanding the urban revolution ensures effective interventions fostering sustainable urban development and equitable access to services in rapidly growing cities."

A: "Institutional sexism"

"The statement “Women are predominantly in low-paying jobs” reflects institutional sexism where systemic structures perpetuate gender-based disparities in employment and wages. In social welfare addressing institutional sexism involves policies promoting equal pay and opportunities reducing economic inequality. This concept informs interventions that empower women through education and vocational training ensuring equitable access to higher-paying roles. Recognizing institutional sexism drives systemic change fostering inclusive workplaces and supporting gender equity in societal and economic structures."

A: "Norming"

"Norming a stage in group development occurs when team members establish cohesion understand roles and collaborate effectively. In social welfare norming is critical for community groups and organizations implementing collective interventions. This stage fosters trust and cooperation enhancing the success of programs addressing poverty or education. By promoting effective teamwork norming supports sustainable welfare initiatives ensuring community-driven solutions that align with collective goals and improve societal outcomes through structured collaboration."

A: "Urbanization"

"Urbanization refers to the growth and expansion of cities driven by population migration and economic development. In social welfare understanding urbanization informs policies addressing urban challenges like housing poverty and infrastructure. This process shapes societal structures requiring targeted interventions to ensure equitable access to services. Urbanization’s study guides sustainable urban planning fostering inclusive cities where welfare systems support diverse populations addressing issues like overcrowding and resource allocation to enhance community well-being and resilience."

A: "Modern education"

"Modern education is essential for rural populations to understand their rights and legal frameworks empowering them to advocate for their needs. In social welfare education drives awareness of entitlements fostering participation in development programs. By equipping communities with knowledge modern education supports equitable access to resources and justice reducing disparities in rural areas. This foundation ensures informed decision-making enhancing the effectiveness of welfare initiatives and promoting sustainable societal progress through empowered educated communities."

A: "Bilateral descent"

"Bilateral descent traces lineage through both maternal and paternal families ensuring equal recognition of heritage. In social welfare understanding bilateral descent informs policies respecting cultural kinship systems particularly in inheritance and family support programs. This structure promotes inclusivity recognizing diverse family ties in resource distribution. By acknowledging both lineages social welfare systems ensure equitable access to services fostering community cohesion and supporting cultural diversity in addressing societal needs and promoting family-based welfare."

A: "Agriculture"

"Agriculture is the primary occupation in rural areas sustaining livelihoods and economies. In social welfare supporting agriculture through training subsidies and infrastructure enhances rural development and poverty alleviation. This occupation shapes rural social structures informing policies that ensure food security and economic stability. Agriculture’s centrality drives sustainable welfare programs addressing challenges like resource access and market integration ensuring equitable growth and resilience for rural communities dependent on farming."

A: "Proletariat"

"Karl Marx’s theory posits that capitalists who own the means of production exploit the proletariat the working class by extracting surplus value from their labor. This dynamic informs social welfare by highlighting economic inequalities guiding policies that protect workers’ rights and promote equitable resource distribution. Understanding proletariat exploitation drives interventions addressing labor conditions and poverty fostering social justice. Marx’s framework remains relevant in shaping welfare systems that counteract systemic exploitation and support marginalized workers."

A: "Community organization"

"Community organization in social work aligns community needs with available resources fostering collective action to address issues like poverty and education. This method empowers communities to identify and solve problems enhancing social welfare outcomes. By facilitating collaboration community organization ensures sustainable interventions promoting equitable access to services and infrastructure. Its participatory approach strengthens community resilience guiding policies that support inclusive development and address systemic challenges through structured community-driven solutions."

A: "Modernization"

"Globalization as an extension of modernization involves the global integration of economies cultures and technologies driven by advancements in communication and trade. In social welfare it informs policies addressing cross-border issues like migration and economic disparity. Modernization’s influence on globalization shapes development strategies ensuring equitable access to resources and opportunities. This perspective guides sustainable welfare programs fostering global cooperation and addressing societal challenges through interconnected modernized systems that prioritize inclusivity and progress."

A: "All of these"

"The means of production in rural areas encompass land labor tools and technology collectively referred to as “all of these.” These resources drive agricultural economies critical for rural livelihoods. In social welfare supporting these means through training and infrastructure enhances productivity and reduces poverty. Understanding their role informs policies that ensure equitable access to resources fostering sustainable development and resilience in rural communities dependent on agriculture and related activities."

A: "Psychology"

"Psychology the study of human behavior and mental processes explores emotions cognition and social interactions. In social welfare psychology informs interventions addressing mental health family dynamics and community well-being. By understanding psychological principles social workers design targeted programs for issues like trauma and addiction ensuring holistic support. Psychology’s insights drive evidence-based practices promoting mental and emotional resilience and fostering equitable societal outcomes through informed client-centered welfare strategies."

A: "Pauper"

"A pauper is an individual dependent on charity for survival often due to extreme poverty. In social welfare addressing pauperism involves providing resources and opportunities to promote self-sufficiency. Understanding this term informs policies that tackle systemic poverty ensuring access to education healthcare and employment. By supporting paupers through structured interventions social welfare systems foster dignity and economic independence reducing reliance on charity and promoting equitable societal development for vulnerable populations."

A: "Cornell University"

"Cornell University launched the first Women’s Studies course in 1969 marking a milestone in gender-focused education. This initiative advanced feminist scholarship examining women’s roles and experiences in society. In social welfare Women’s Studies informs policies promoting gender equality addressing issues like discrimination and empowerment. The 1969 course set a precedent for academic programs worldwide fostering research and advocacy that support equitable development and inclusive social welfare systems for women and marginalized groups."

A: "Catholic and Protestant communities"

"Emile Durkheim’s seminal study on suicide published in 1897 analyzed data from Catholic and Protestant communities to explore social factors influencing suicide rates. His findings highlighted the role of social cohesion with stronger community ties reducing suicide risk. In social welfare Durkheim’s work informs interventions addressing mental health and social isolation emphasizing community support systems. Studying Catholic and Protestant communities provided insights into how social structures shape individual behavior guiding policies that foster resilience and well-being."

A: "Secondary method of social work"

"Social welfare administration is a secondary method of social work focusing on organizing and managing resources to deliver services effectively. It supports primary methods like casework by ensuring efficient policy implementation and program coordination. This administrative role enhances social welfare systems addressing needs like poverty and healthcare through structured management. By optimizing resource allocation it ensures equitable service delivery fostering sustainable outcomes and supporting vulnerable populations through systematic professional welfare practices."

A: "2006"

"Pakistan’s Protection of Women (Criminal Laws Amendment) Act passed in 2006 reformed laws to protect women’s rights addressing issues like honor crimes and discriminatory practices. This legislation strengthened legal protections promoting gender equality in social welfare. The 2006 Act supports women’s access to justice informing policies that reduce violence and discrimination. By enhancing legal frameworks it fosters equitable societal development ensuring women’s safety and empowerment through targeted rights-based interventions in welfare systems."

A: "Orangi Pilot Project (OPP)"

"Dr. Akhtar Hameed Khan is celebrated for founding the Orangi Pilot Project (OPP) in Karachi Pakistan a model for community-driven development. Initiated in 1980 OPP empowers low-income communities through self-managed infrastructure and social programs addressing poverty and sanitation. Khan’s work informs social welfare by demonstrating participatory approaches guiding policies that foster community resilience and equitable development. The OPP’s success highlights the impact of grassroots initiatives in transforming marginalized areas influencing global development strategies."

A: "Genetically determined"

"Evolution a genetically determined process drives species survival through natural selection and genetic variation. In social welfare understanding evolution informs policies addressing health and behavioral traits ensuring interventions align with biological realities. This concept supports research into genetic factors influencing social issues like mental health guiding targeted welfare programs. By recognizing evolution’s role social welfare systems promote holistic approaches integrating biological insights with social interventions to enhance community well-being and resilience."

A: "Hunter-gatherer culture"

"Hunter-gatherer culture relies on hunting fishing and gathering wild plants for subsistence shaping early human societies. In social welfare studying this culture informs policies for indigenous and rural communities respecting traditional lifestyles while addressing modern needs. This understanding guides sustainable development ensuring equitable access to resources and cultural preservation. Hunter-gatherer culture’s emphasis on community cooperation influences welfare strategies fostering inclusive interventions that support diverse populations and promote societal resilience through culturally sensitive approaches."

A: "Resilience and Sustainability Trust (RST)"

"The IMF’s Resilience and Sustainability Trust (RST) supports countries in addressing climate change and promoting sustainable development through financial and technical assistance. Launched to enhance resilience it informs social welfare by guiding policies that mitigate environmental impacts on vulnerable populations. The RST’s focus on sustainability ensures equitable resource allocation fostering economic stability and environmental protection. This trust strengthens global welfare systems addressing climate-related challenges and supporting long-term development goals in affected communities."

A: "Mediator"

"A social worker acting as a mediator resolves conflicts among community members fostering harmony and collaboration. This role is critical in social welfare ensuring equitable solutions to disputes over resources or social issues. Mediation promotes community cohesion supporting welfare programs that address underlying tensions. By facilitating dialogue mediators enhance social stability guiding interventions that align with community needs and promote inclusive sustainable outcomes in diverse societal contexts."

A: "To examine how religion functions within society its impact on social structures and individual behavior and its role in shaping values and social norms"

"Sociologists study religion to understand its influence on societal structures individual behavior and cultural norms shaping values like compassion and community. In social welfare this informs policies that respect religious diversity while addressing issues like poverty and social cohesion. Religion’s role in shaping behavior guides interventions that foster inclusive communities ensuring equitable service delivery. By examining its societal functions sociologists enhance welfare strategies promoting resilience and harmony through culturally sensitive evidence-based approaches."

A: "Social welfare systems"

"Social welfare systems provide structured support to needy and vulnerable populations addressing issues like poverty healthcare and education. These systems integrate government and community efforts to ensure equitable resource access and social justice. In practice social welfare systems deliver services like financial aid and counseling promoting societal well-being. Their comprehensive approach fosters resilience guiding policies that empower marginalized groups and enhance community stability through targeted inclusive interventions."

A: "Religion"

"Death and birth are deeply tied to religion which provides frameworks for understanding life’s cycles through rituals and beliefs. In social welfare this connection informs culturally sensitive interventions addressing emotional and social needs during these events. Religion’s role in shaping responses to birth and death guides policies that respect diverse spiritual practices ensuring equitable support for communities. This understanding enhances welfare systems fostering resilience and cohesion through culturally relevant approaches to life’s major transitions."

A: "Social welfare services"

"Social welfare services encompass support for individuals with intellectual disabilities and those facing economic hardships providing resources like healthcare education and financial aid. These services promote inclusion and equity addressing systemic barriers to well-being. By offering tailored interventions social welfare services ensure vulnerable populations access necessary support fostering independence and societal participation. This comprehensive approach guides policies that enhance community resilience and promote equitable development for diverse groups."

A: "Tribe"

"In horticultural societies social organization is primarily through tribes which structure community life around kinship and shared resources. In social welfare understanding tribal systems informs policies that respect cultural practices while addressing modern needs like education and healthcare. Tribes foster cooperation guiding interventions that promote sustainable development and equity. This organizational model ensures culturally sensitive welfare strategies enhancing community cohesion and resilience in societies reliant on horticultural practices."

A: "1998"

"The Department of Gender & Women Studies at Allama Iqbal Open University (AIOU) established in 1998 advances research and education on gender issues in Pakistan. It promotes gender equality through academic programs informing social welfare policies that address women’s rights and empowerment. The 1998 founding marked a commitment to inclusive education fostering equitable development. This department’s work supports interventions tackling gender disparities ensuring culturally relevant strategies that enhance women’s societal contributions and well-being.

PPSC 2025 Social Welfare Officer Solved One Liner

General Knowledge

A: "Uruguay"

"The FIFA World Cup established in 1930 marks a significant milestone in global sports history. Uruguay hosted and won the first tournament defeating Argentina in the final. This victory solidified Uruguay’s prominence in early international football leveraging their Olympic successes in 1924 and 1928. The event held in Montevideo showcased Uruguay’s organizational capabilities and football prowess setting a precedent for future tournaments. The win highlighted the sport’s growing global appeal and the competitive spirit of South American teams with Uruguay’s triumph remaining a landmark achievement in football history."

A: "33"

"Sheikh Zayed Bin Sultan Al Nahyan the founding father of the United Arab Emirates ruled for 33 years from 1971 until his death in 2004. His leadership transformed the UAE from a collection of tribal regions into a modern prosperous nation. Zayed’s vision emphasized unity economic diversification and infrastructure development leveraging oil wealth to foster education healthcare and cultural preservation. His 33-year reign remains a cornerstone of UAE’s national identity with his policies continuing to influence the region’s global standing and sustainable development initiatives."

A: "Aristotle"

"Aristotle the ancient Greek philosopher articulated the concept that humans are inherently social beings reliant on community and interaction for their development and survival. His philosophy explored in works like Politics emphasizes that humans thrive within structured societies distinguishing them from other animals through reason and social cooperation. This idea underscores the importance of social bonds in shaping individual behavior and societal structures influencing disciplines like sociology and political science. Aristotle’s insight remains foundational in understanding human nature and the necessity of communal living for personal and collective growth."

Pakistan Affairs

A: "1955-60"

"Pakistan’s First Five Year Plan implemented from 1955 to 1960 aimed to address post-independence economic challenges. It focused on agriculture industrial growth and infrastructure development to stabilize the economy and reduce poverty. The plan prioritized irrigation projects energy production and education laying the groundwork for subsequent economic policies. Covering 1955-60 it reflected Pakistan’s early efforts to achieve self-sufficiency and economic modernization despite challenges like resource constraints and political instability. This period marked a critical phase in shaping Pakistan’s developmental trajectory and economic planning framework."

A: "Sir Sikandar Hayat Khan"

"Sir Sikandar Hayat Khan became Punjab’s Premier after the 1937 elections under the Government of India Act 1935 which introduced provincial autonomy in British India. Leading the Unionist Party he focused on agricultural reforms rural development and inter-communal harmony. His leadership was pivotal in navigating the complex socio-political landscape of pre-partition Punjab balancing diverse interests. Sir Sikandar’s tenure as Premier shaped Punjab’s governance structure influencing policies that impacted the region’s economic and social fabric during a transformative period in South Asian history."

Geography

A: "Archimedes' Principle"

"Archimedes’ Principle governs the functionality of submarines by explaining buoyancy. This principle states that an object submerged in a fluid experiences an upward force equal to the weight of the fluid displaced. Submarines adjust their buoyancy by controlling water intake in ballast tanks allowing them to dive or surface. By applying Archimedes’ Principle submarines achieve precise depth control making it fundamental to their design and operation. This scientific law discovered by the ancient Greek mathematician Archimedes remains critical in marine engineering and underwater navigation technologies."

A: "Ptolemy"

"Ptolemy a Greco-Roman astronomer proposed the geocentric model positing that the Earth was the center of the universe with the Sun and planets revolving around it. Detailed in his work Almagest this model dominated astronomical thought for centuries using epicycles to explain planetary motions. Ptolemy’s framework influenced medieval science and navigation until the heliocentric model gained prominence. His contributions to astronomy including star catalogs and mathematical models shaped early understandings of celestial mechanics despite the eventual shift to Copernicus’ Sun-centered theory."

Computer

A: "Silicon"

"Silicon is the primary material used in manufacturing computer chips due to its semiconductor properties enabling efficient control of electrical currents. Extracted from silica silicon’s crystalline structure supports the creation of integrated circuits critical for processors and memory devices. Its abundance cost-effectiveness and ability to form stable oxides make it ideal for microelectronics. Silicon’s dominance in the tech industry drives advancements in computing power from smartphones to supercomputers shaping modern digital infrastructure and supporting innovations in artificial intelligence and data processing."

A: "To capture photos and videos"

"The primary function of a smartphone camera is to capture photos and videos enabling users to document moments communicate visually and engage with digital platforms. Modern smartphone cameras use advanced sensors and lenses to produce high-quality images supporting features like zoom low-light photography and video recording. This functionality has transformed photography making it accessible and integral to daily life. Beyond personal use smartphone cameras facilitate content creation social media engagement and professional applications underscoring their role in the evolution of visual communication technologies."

A: "Compiler"

"A compiler converts high-level programming language code into machine language enabling computers to execute instructions. This software tool translates entire programs at once optimizing code for efficiency and performance. Compilers are essential in software development supporting languages like C++ and Java by generating executable files. Their role ensures compatibility between human-written code and hardware facilitating complex applications in technology from operating systems to apps. By streamlining code execution compilers underpin modern computing enabling developers to create robust efficient software solutions for diverse industries."

Math

A: "(77×103) cm³"

"Calculating the volume of a cylindrical pillar with a 14 cm diameter and 5 m height involves the formula for a cylinder’s volume: πr²h. Converting 5 m to 500 cm the radius is 7 cm (half of 14 cm). Using π ≈ 22/7 the volume is (22/7) × 7² × 500 = 22 × 7 × 500 = 77000 cm³ or (77×10³) cm³. This represents the material used critical in construction for estimating resources. The calculation highlights the application of geometric principles in real-world engineering and material science."

A: "-1/3"

"To solve the equation (3x-1)/(x-2) = 0 the numerator must be zero since a fraction equals zero only when its numerator is zero (and denominator is non-zero). Set 3x-1 = 0 yielding 3x = 1 so x = 1/3. Verify the denominator: x-2 = 1/3-2 = -5/3 which is non-zero confirming the solution. Thus x = -1/3. This algebraic process demonstrates the application of rational equations in mathematics crucial for problem-solving in fields like engineering and physics where precise calculations are essential."

English

A: "Calm"

"The antonym of “overwrought” meaning excessively nervous or excited is “calm” which denotes a state of tranquility or composure. Understanding antonyms enhances vocabulary precision crucial for effective communication in academic and professional settings. “Calm” reflects a balanced emotional state contrasting with the heightened agitation of “overwrought.” This linguistic knowledge supports clear expression in writing and speech aiding in literary analysis persuasive communication and cross-cultural interactions where nuanced word choice is vital for conveying accurate meaning and tone."

A: "Complex sentence"

"A complex sentence contains one independent clause and at least one dependent clause connected by a subordinating conjunction like “after.” In “He made an error after he apologized” “he made an error” is the independent clause and “after he apologized” is the dependent clause. This structure allows for expressing nuanced relationships between ideas essential in academic writing and effective communication. Understanding sentence types enhances clarity and sophistication in language use supporting precise articulation in literature professional correspondence and analytical discourse."

A: "Cajole"

"A synonym for “flattery” which involves excessive praise to gain favor is “cajole” meaning to persuade with flattery or gentle urging. This word choice reflects persuasive communication strategies often used in social and professional interactions. Understanding synonyms like “cajole” enriches vocabulary enabling precise expression in writing and speech. This linguistic skill is vital in fields like marketing diplomacy and literature where nuanced language influences perception and fosters effective engagement with diverse audiences enhancing interpersonal and persuasive communication."

A: "The father advised his children to be punctual."

"Changing direct speech to indirect (reported) speech involves altering the verb tense and structure while retaining the original meaning. In “The father told his children ‘Be punctual’” the direct command becomes “The father advised his children to be punctual” in indirect form using “advised” and the infinitive “to be.” This transformation is essential in English grammar for reporting conversations accurately applicable in journalism academic writing and storytelling. Mastery of narration ensures clarity and fidelity in conveying spoken words across various communicative contexts."

A: "Priest"

"A synonym for “shaman” a spiritual leader who mediates between the physical and spiritual worlds is “priest” referring to a religious figure with similar roles in guiding spiritual practices. This equivalence highlights the shared function of spiritual leadership across cultures. Understanding synonyms like “priest” enhances cross-cultural communication and anthropological studies where precise terminology clarifies roles in religious and societal structures. This knowledge supports academic discourse and cultural analysis fostering a deeper appreciation of diverse spiritual traditions and their societal impact."

Subject Portion

A: "1989"

"First Women Bank Limited (FWBL) established in 1989 was Pakistan’s pioneering financial institution dedicated to women’s economic empowerment. Founded to provide accessible banking services it supports women entrepreneurs and professionals through tailored financial products. The bank’s creation in 1989 marked a significant step in promoting gender equality in Pakistan’s financial sector addressing barriers to women’s economic participation. FWBL’s initiatives align with global efforts to enhance financial inclusion contributing to sustainable development and economic growth by empowering women to achieve financial independence and leadership in business."

A: "Science"

"Ethics as a system of moral principles can be informed by science which provides empirical insights into human behavior cognition and societal impacts. Scientific studies particularly in psychology and sociology help shape ethical frameworks by understanding consequences and human needs. While philosophy and religion also influence ethics science offers a data-driven basis for ethical decision-making especially in fields like bioethics and environmental policy. This interplay ensures ethical standards evolve with evidence-based knowledge guiding professional practices and societal norms in areas like social welfare and healthcare."

A: "Questionnaire"

"A questionnaire is a research tool that collects data through written or digital responses eliminating the need for direct interviewing skills. Used in social sciences it gathers standardized information efficiently allowing researchers to analyze trends and patterns. Questionnaires ensure anonymity and reduce bias making them ideal for large-scale studies in social welfare and sociology. Their structured format supports quantitative analysis providing reliable data for policy development and academic research particularly in understanding community needs and social dynamics without requiring interpersonal interview techniques."

A: "Shulamith Firestone"

"Shulamith Firestone authored The Dialectic of Sex: The Case for Feminist Revolution in 1970 a seminal work in second-wave feminism. Firestone argued that biological differences particularly reproduction underpin women’s oppression advocating for technological and social changes to achieve gender equality. Her radical feminist perspective influenced feminist theory emphasizing systemic change. Published in 1970 the book remains a cornerstone in feminist literature shaping discussions on gender power and liberation and inspiring subsequent movements for women’s rights and social justice across academic and activist spheres."

A: "Both government and voluntary agencies"

"Social welfare involves organized efforts to support vulnerable populations delivered by both government and voluntary agencies. Governments provide structured programs like healthcare and social security while voluntary agencies including NGOs offer community-based services and advocacy. This collaboration ensures comprehensive support addressing diverse needs through policy and grassroots initiatives. Both entities leverage professional expertise to enhance social welfare promoting equity and well-being. Their combined efforts are critical in fields like poverty alleviation and child welfare ensuring sustainable impact and systemic change in societal structures."

A: "Sociology is the study of society while social work is the practice of applying that knowledge to improve lives."

"Sociology examines societal structures behaviors and patterns through theoretical and empirical analysis focusing on understanding social systems. In contrast social work applies this knowledge practically to address individual and community needs promoting well-being through interventions like counseling and advocacy. Sociology provides the theoretical foundation while social work translates it into actionable solutions such as poverty reduction or family support. This distinction highlights their complementary roles in advancing social justice and improving lives with sociology informing social work’s practical applications."

A: "Female sex hormone"

"Estrogen a key hormone in human physiology is primarily considered a female sex hormone due to its critical role in female reproductive development and function. It regulates menstrual cycles supports pregnancy and influences secondary sexual characteristics. While present in all genders its prominence in female physiology makes it a focal point in medical and social welfare studies particularly in women’s health initiatives. Understanding estrogen’s functions informs healthcare policies and interventions ensuring targeted support for reproductive health and gender-specific medical needs in social welfare systems."

A: "Communication"

"Communication involves transmitting information from a source to a destination through verbal written or non-verbal means. It is fundamental to social welfare enabling collaboration between professionals clients and communities. Effective communication ensures accurate needs assessment resource allocation and policy implementation in social work. It fosters understanding and trust critical for addressing societal challenges like poverty and mental health. By facilitating dialogue communication drives social change supports advocacy and enhances service delivery making it a cornerstone of social welfare practices and interdisciplinary collaboration."

A: "Sampling error decreases"

"Sampling error the discrepancy between a sample’s results and the true population value decreases as sample size increases. Larger samples better represent the population reducing variability and enhancing statistical accuracy. This principle is vital in social research where precise data informs welfare policies and interventions. By minimizing sampling error researchers ensure reliable findings critical for evidence-based decision-making in social welfare. This concept supports effective program evaluation and resource allocation improving outcomes in areas like poverty alleviation and public health initiatives."

A: "Gender and Development (GAD)"

"The Gender and Development (GAD) approach emerged to address the limitations of the Women in Development (WID) model which focused narrowly on women’s inclusion without tackling systemic gender inequalities. GAD emphasizes gender as a social construct analyzing power dynamics and roles across genders to promote equitable development. Adopted in social welfare and policy frameworks GAD fosters inclusive strategies that address structural barriers enhancing economic and social outcomes. Its holistic perspective ensures sustainable development empowering communities by integrating gender considerations into planning and implementation processes."

A: "All of these"

"Human rights are universal principles that apply equally to all individuals encompassing rights to life equality and dignity regardless of gender race or status. This inclusivity is central to social welfare guiding policies that protect vulnerable populations. The principle of “all of these” reflects the comprehensive nature of human rights ensuring non-discrimination in access to education healthcare and justice. By upholding these rights social welfare systems promote equity and social justice fostering inclusive societies where every individual’s dignity and potential are respected and protected."

A: "Socialization"

"Socialization is the process through which individuals internalize societal norms values and behaviors maintaining social order. It shapes individual roles within communities ensuring cohesion and stability. In social welfare socialization informs interventions that promote positive behaviors and community integration such as education and family support programs. By fostering shared values socialization reduces conflict and supports societal structures critical for addressing issues like inequality and social exclusion. Its role in shaping individual and collective behavior underscores its importance in creating harmonious equitable societies."

A: "Standpoint epistemology"

"Feminist epistemology closely tied to standpoint epistemology emphasizes knowledge production from the perspectives of marginalized groups particularly women. Standpoint epistemology argues that social positions shape understanding offering unique insights into power dynamics. This framework informs social welfare by highlighting gendered experiences guiding policies that address inequality and discrimination. By valuing diverse perspectives it enhances research and interventions ensuring inclusive solutions in areas like healthcare and education. Its focus on lived experiences strengthens social justice efforts promoting equitable knowledge systems and societal change."

A: "Probe"

"A probe is a research technique used to elicit detailed or clarified responses during data collection ensuring comprehensive and accurate information. In social welfare research probes enhance the quality of qualitative data critical for understanding complex social issues like poverty or mental health. By prompting respondents to elaborate probes uncover nuanced insights informing effective interventions and policies. This method strengthens research reliability supporting evidence-based decision-making in social work and contributing to targeted solutions that address community needs and promote equitable outcomes."

A: "House of Wealth"

"Bait-ul-Maal meaning “House of Wealth” refers to an Islamic institution managing public funds for social welfare such as supporting the poor orphans and widows. In Pakistan it operates as a governmental body distributing resources to vulnerable populations aligning with Islamic principles of charity and equity. The term “House of Wealth” reflects its role in wealth redistribution to promote social justice. This institution plays a critical role in addressing poverty and inequality ensuring resources reach those in need and supporting sustainable community development through structured welfare programs."

A: "Epistemology"

"Epistemology the philosophical study of knowledge examines the nature sources and limits of understanding. It explores how knowledge is acquired validated and applied influencing disciplines like social welfare and sociology. Epistemology informs research methodologies ensuring rigorous and ethical approaches to studying social issues. By questioning what constitutes valid knowledge it shapes evidence-based practices in social work guiding policies on education healthcare and poverty alleviation. Its focus on critical inquiry supports the development of informed equitable solutions to complex societal challenges."

A: "1982"

"The Agha Khan Rural Support Programme (AKRSP) established in 1982 is a pivotal initiative for rural development in Pakistan. Focused on Gilgit-Baltistan and other regions it promotes community-driven development through education healthcare and economic empowerment. Founded in 1982 AKRSP has transformed rural communities by fostering sustainable livelihoods and infrastructure. Its participatory model has become a global benchmark for rural development influencing social welfare policies and demonstrating the impact of grassroots initiatives in alleviating poverty and enhancing community resilience in challenging environments."

A: "All of these"

"UNIFEM the United Nations Development Fund for Women works to advance gender equality and women’s empowerment by providing resources advocacy and programs. Its comprehensive mission encapsulated by “all of these” includes economic opportunities political participation and protection from violence for women globally. In social welfare UNIFEM’s initiatives inform policies that address gender disparities ensuring inclusive development. Its work supports sustainable progress in areas like education and healthcare fostering equitable societies where women’s rights and contributions are recognized and prioritized."

A: "1820"

"Rural Sociology emerging as a systematic discipline around 1820 studies rural social structures behaviors and challenges. It examines agrarian communities their economies and social dynamics informing policies on rural development and welfare. The year 1820 marks the formalization of sociological inquiry into rural life driven by industrialization’s impact on rural areas. This discipline supports social welfare by addressing issues like poverty education and healthcare access in rural settings ensuring targeted interventions that enhance community well-being and promote sustainable development in agrarian societies."

A: "Ethnocentrism"

"Ethnocentrism refers to evaluating other cultures based on one’s own cultural standards often leading to bias or misunderstanding. In social welfare recognizing ethnocentrism is crucial for developing culturally sensitive interventions that respect diverse values and practices. By understanding this concept social workers avoid imposing their cultural norms ensuring equitable service delivery. Ethnocentrism’s study informs cross-cultural research and policy promoting inclusivity and effective communication in diverse communities essential for addressing global social challenges like migration and cultural integration."

A: "Former incomes decrease and expenditures may increase"

"Currency devaluation reduces a currency’s value leading to decreased purchasing power where former incomes buy less and expenditures may increase due to higher import costs. In social welfare this impacts vulnerable populations exacerbating poverty and necessitating targeted interventions. Understanding devaluation’s effects informs economic policies and welfare programs ensuring support for affected communities. By addressing rising costs and reduced incomes social welfare systems can mitigate hardship promoting financial stability and equitable resource distribution in economically challenging times."

A: "Empiricism"

"Empiricism is the philosophical stance that knowledge is primarily gained through sensory experience and observation. In social welfare empiricism underpins evidence-based practices relying on data from real-world experiences to inform policies and interventions. This approach ensures that solutions such as poverty alleviation or healthcare programs are grounded in practical insights enhancing their effectiveness. Empiricism’s emphasis on observable evidence supports rigorous research guiding social workers in developing targeted strategies that address community needs and promote sustainable societal improvements."

A: "Nighaban"

"Nighaban is a facility in Pakistan dedicated to protecting and rehabilitating kidnapped and lost children providing shelter care and support for reunification or long-term welfare. This initiative addresses critical social welfare needs ensuring vulnerable children receive safety and resources. Nighaban’s role highlights the importance of targeted interventions for at-risk populations aligning with broader efforts to protect human rights and promote child welfare. By offering structured support it contributes to societal stability and the well-being of children in crisis situations."

A: "An abused and uneducated black African American woman"

"Alice Walker’s The Color Purple explores the life of Celie an abused and uneducated black African American woman highlighting her journey toward empowerment and self-discovery. The novel addresses themes of racism sexism and resilience offering insights into systemic oppression. Its narrative informs social welfare by emphasizing the need for interventions that support marginalized women particularly in overcoming abuse and educational barriers. Walker’s work remains a powerful influence in feminist and social justice movements advocating for equity and empowerment in underserved communities."

A: "National Organization for Women"

"The National Organization for Women (NOW) founded in 1966 is a leading feminist advocacy group in the United States promoting women’s rights and gender equality. NOW addresses issues like reproductive rights economic equity and violence against women influencing social welfare policies globally. Its work supports systemic change ensuring women’s access to education healthcare and leadership opportunities. By advocating for inclusive policies NOW strengthens social justice frameworks fostering equitable societies where women’s contributions and rights are recognized and protected."

A: "Meesaq-e-Madina (The Constitution of Madina)"

"Meesaq-e-Madina established in 622 CE is considered the first human charter outlining a social contract for the diverse community of Medina under Prophet Muhammad. It promoted mutual respect rights and responsibilities among Muslims Jews and others setting a precedent for inclusive governance. In social welfare this charter informs principles of equity and community cohesion guiding modern policies on diversity and inclusion. Its historical significance underscores the importance of collaborative frameworks in building just societies relevant to contemporary social welfare practices."

A: "Research aptitude"

"Research aptitude encompasses the skills qualities and attributes that enable a researcher to conduct effective and ethical studies. In social welfare this aptitude ensures rigorous data collection and analysis informing policies on issues like poverty and healthcare. Researchers with strong aptitude design studies that address community needs using critical thinking and methodological expertise. This capability drives evidence-based interventions enhancing the impact of social welfare programs and promoting sustainable solutions to societal challenges through informed decision-making."

A: "Robert Chambers"

"Robert Chambers pioneered Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) a methodology engaging communities in development planning and research. Since the 1980s PRA has empowered rural populations by involving them in identifying needs and solutions enhancing social welfare initiatives. Chambers’ approach emphasizes participatory bottom-up strategies ensuring inclusive and sustainable outcomes in rural development. His work informs policies on poverty alleviation and community empowerment making PRA a vital tool in social welfare for fostering collaboration and addressing local challenges effectively."

A: "United Nations Development Fund for Women"

"UNIFEM the United Nations Development Fund for Women was established to promote gender equality and women’s empowerment globally. It supports initiatives in economic empowerment political participation and protection from violence influencing social welfare policies. UNIFEM’s work ensures women’s inclusion in development processes addressing systemic inequalities. By fostering equitable access to resources and opportunities it contributes to sustainable development aligning with global efforts to enhance women’s rights and societal well-being through targeted inclusive interventions."

A: "Feminism"

"Postcolonial feminism emerged within feminism to address the unique experiences of women in postcolonial societies critiquing Western feminist frameworks for overlooking cultural and historical contexts. It examines intersections of gender race and colonialism informing social welfare by highlighting marginalized voices. This perspective shapes policies that address systemic inequalities ensuring culturally sensitive interventions in areas like education and healthcare. Postcolonial feminism’s focus on diverse experiences strengthens global feminist movements promoting inclusive social justice and equitable development across varied cultural landscapes."

A: "Both A & B"

"Feminist theory focuses on analyzing gender inequalities and advocating for women’s rights encompassing both social and political dimensions (both A & B). It examines power structures systemic discrimination and cultural norms informing social welfare policies that promote equity. By addressing issues like economic disparity and violence against women feminist theory guides interventions that empower marginalized groups. Its interdisciplinary approach ensures comprehensive solutions fostering inclusive societies where gender justice is prioritized and women’s contributions are valued in social and political spheres."

A: "Max Weber"

"Max Weber’s The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism published in 1905 explores how Protestant values particularly Calvinism influenced the development of capitalism. Weber argued that the Protestant work ethic fostered economic discipline and rationalism shaping modern economic systems. This work informs social welfare by highlighting the role of cultural values in economic behavior guiding policies that address inequality and labor dynamics. Weber’s insights remain relevant in understanding societal structures and their impact on economic and social welfare systems."

A: "All of these"

"Pakistan’s terrain encompasses diverse geographical features including mountains plains deserts and plateaus classified as “all of these.” This diversity influences agriculture settlement patterns and resource distribution critical for social welfare planning. Understanding Pakistan’s varied landscape informs policies on rural development water management and disaster preparedness ensuring targeted interventions for vulnerable populations. The comprehensive classification supports sustainable development addressing environmental and social challenges to enhance community resilience and equitable resource access across Pakistan’s varied regions."

A: "Provides forward-looking credit opinions as indicated by its ratings that reflect its expectations of credit behavior over a range of scenarios"

"Fitch Ratings a global credit rating agency provides forward-looking credit opinions assessing financial stability and risk across various scenarios. These ratings guide economic policies and social welfare by informing resource allocation and investment decisions. In Pakistan Fitch’s assessments influence fiscal planning ensuring stability for welfare programs addressing poverty and healthcare. By evaluating credit behavior Fitch supports sustainable economic strategies enabling governments and organizations to prioritize equitable development and resilience in financially challenging environments."

A: "2010"

"The Protection against Harassment of Women at the Workplace Act passed in 2010 in Pakistan ensures safe working environments by addressing workplace harassment. This legislation promotes gender equality empowering women through legal protections and fostering inclusive workplaces. In social welfare it supports women’s economic participation reducing barriers to employment. The 2010 Act aligns with global efforts to protect women’s rights enhancing workplace safety and contributing to equitable societal development by addressing systemic gender-based challenges in professional settings."

A: "Rural Sociology"

"Rural Sociology examines the structure functions and dynamics of rural societies focusing on their social organization economies and challenges. It informs social welfare by guiding policies on agriculture education and healthcare in rural areas. By studying rural social systems it addresses issues like poverty and migration ensuring targeted interventions for sustainable development. Rural Sociology’s insights support community empowerment fostering equitable resource distribution and resilience in agrarian societies critical for effective social welfare planning and implementation."

A: "District Rural Development Agency (DRDA)"

"The Indira Awaas Yojana (IAY) a housing scheme for rural poor in India was implemented by the District Rural Development Agency (DRDA). Focused on providing affordable housing it addressed rural poverty and living conditions informing social welfare practices globally. The DRDA’s role ensured localized execution aligning resources with community needs. This model highlights the importance of decentralized governance in delivering welfare programs fostering sustainable development and equitable access to housing for vulnerable rural populations."

A: "Continuous and dependent variable"

"Employee salary distribution is a continuous and dependent variable as salaries vary across a range and are influenced by factors like experience or industry. In social welfare research understanding this distribution informs policies on income inequality and labor rights. As a continuous variable it allows for statistical analysis to guide equitable wage policies while its dependent nature reflects external influences. This concept supports evidence-based interventions ensuring fair economic systems and improved living standards for workers in diverse sectors."

A: "Social casework"

"Individualization in social work particularly in social casework involves tailoring interventions to meet unique client needs especially during the pre-interview stage. This approach ensures personalized support addressing specific challenges like poverty or mental health. By focusing on individual circumstances social casework enhances the effectiveness of welfare services promoting client empowerment and well-being. Its emphasis on personalized assessment informs comprehensive interventions aligning with social welfare’s goal of fostering equitable client-centered solutions for diverse populations."

A: "Individual behavior and societal structures"

"Sociologists study religion to explore its role in shaping individual behavior and societal structures influencing values norms and community cohesion. Religion impacts social welfare by guiding ethical frameworks and community support systems addressing issues like poverty and social exclusion. Understanding its influence informs policies that respect cultural diversity while promoting equitable services. This sociological perspective ensures that welfare programs align with societal values fostering inclusive communities and supporting individual well-being through structured culturally sensitive interventions."

A: "Descriptive and Inferential"

"Statistics is categorized into descriptive and inferential branches. Descriptive statistics summarizes data through measures like mean and median while inferential statistics draws conclusions about populations based on samples. In social welfare these branches support evidence-based policy-making analyzing data on poverty health or education to design effective interventions. Descriptive and inferential methods ensure accurate assessment and prediction guiding resource allocation and program evaluation to address societal needs and promote equitable development across diverse communities."

A: "Matriarchal"

"A matriarchal system is characterized by the mother or female figures holding primary influence and decision-making power in family or societal structures. In social welfare understanding matriarchal dynamics informs interventions that respect cultural roles particularly in communities where women lead. This system influences resource distribution and social organization guiding policies on gender equity and family support. Recognizing matriarchal structures ensures culturally sensitive welfare practices promoting empowerment and equitable development in diverse societal contexts."

A: "V. Gordon Childe"

"V. Gordon Childe introduced the “urban revolution” concept describing the shift from agrarian to urban societies marked by city development and complex social structures. This framework informs social welfare by highlighting urbanization’s impact on resource allocation and community needs. Childe’s theory developed in the early 20th century guides policies addressing urban poverty housing and infrastructure. Understanding the urban revolution ensures effective interventions fostering sustainable urban development and equitable access to services in rapidly growing cities."

A: "Institutional sexism"

"The statement “Women are predominantly in low-paying jobs” reflects institutional sexism where systemic structures perpetuate gender-based disparities in employment and wages. In social welfare addressing institutional sexism involves policies promoting equal pay and opportunities reducing economic inequality. This concept informs interventions that empower women through education and vocational training ensuring equitable access to higher-paying roles. Recognizing institutional sexism drives systemic change fostering inclusive workplaces and supporting gender equity in societal and economic structures."

A: "Norming"

"Norming a stage in group development occurs when team members establish cohesion understand roles and collaborate effectively. In social welfare norming is critical for community groups and organizations implementing collective interventions. This stage fosters trust and cooperation enhancing the success of programs addressing poverty or education. By promoting effective teamwork norming supports sustainable welfare initiatives ensuring community-driven solutions that align with collective goals and improve societal outcomes through structured collaboration."

A: "Urbanization"

"Urbanization refers to the growth and expansion of cities driven by population migration and economic development. In social welfare understanding urbanization informs policies addressing urban challenges like housing poverty and infrastructure. This process shapes societal structures requiring targeted interventions to ensure equitable access to services. Urbanization’s study guides sustainable urban planning fostering inclusive cities where welfare systems support diverse populations addressing issues like overcrowding and resource allocation to enhance community well-being and resilience."

A: "Modern education"

"Modern education is essential for rural populations to understand their rights and legal frameworks empowering them to advocate for their needs. In social welfare education drives awareness of entitlements fostering participation in development programs. By equipping communities with knowledge modern education supports equitable access to resources and justice reducing disparities in rural areas. This foundation ensures informed decision-making enhancing the effectiveness of welfare initiatives and promoting sustainable societal progress through empowered educated communities."

A: "Bilateral descent"

"Bilateral descent traces lineage through both maternal and paternal families ensuring equal recognition of heritage. In social welfare understanding bilateral descent informs policies respecting cultural kinship systems particularly in inheritance and family support programs. This structure promotes inclusivity recognizing diverse family ties in resource distribution. By acknowledging both lineages social welfare systems ensure equitable access to services fostering community cohesion and supporting cultural diversity in addressing societal needs and promoting family-based welfare."

A: "Agriculture"

"Agriculture is the primary occupation in rural areas sustaining livelihoods and economies. In social welfare supporting agriculture through training subsidies and infrastructure enhances rural development and poverty alleviation. This occupation shapes rural social structures informing policies that ensure food security and economic stability. Agriculture’s centrality drives sustainable welfare programs addressing challenges like resource access and market integration ensuring equitable growth and resilience for rural communities dependent on farming."

A: "Proletariat"

"Karl Marx’s theory posits that capitalists who own the means of production exploit the proletariat the working class by extracting surplus value from their labor. This dynamic informs social welfare by highlighting economic inequalities guiding policies that protect workers’ rights and promote equitable resource distribution. Understanding proletariat exploitation drives interventions addressing labor conditions and poverty fostering social justice. Marx’s framework remains relevant in shaping welfare systems that counteract systemic exploitation and support marginalized workers."

A: "Community organization"

"Community organization in social work aligns community needs with available resources fostering collective action to address issues like poverty and education. This method empowers communities to identify and solve problems enhancing social welfare outcomes. By facilitating collaboration community organization ensures sustainable interventions promoting equitable access to services and infrastructure. Its participatory approach strengthens community resilience guiding policies that support inclusive development and address systemic challenges through structured community-driven solutions."

A: "Modernization"

"Globalization as an extension of modernization involves the global integration of economies cultures and technologies driven by advancements in communication and trade. In social welfare it informs policies addressing cross-border issues like migration and economic disparity. Modernization’s influence on globalization shapes development strategies ensuring equitable access to resources and opportunities. This perspective guides sustainable welfare programs fostering global cooperation and addressing societal challenges through interconnected modernized systems that prioritize inclusivity and progress."

A: "All of these"

"The means of production in rural areas encompass land labor tools and technology collectively referred to as “all of these.” These resources drive agricultural economies critical for rural livelihoods. In social welfare supporting these means through training and infrastructure enhances productivity and reduces poverty. Understanding their role informs policies that ensure equitable access to resources fostering sustainable development and resilience in rural communities dependent on agriculture and related activities."

A: "Psychology"

"Psychology the study of human behavior and mental processes explores emotions cognition and social interactions. In social welfare psychology informs interventions addressing mental health family dynamics and community well-being. By understanding psychological principles social workers design targeted programs for issues like trauma and addiction ensuring holistic support. Psychology’s insights drive evidence-based practices promoting mental and emotional resilience and fostering equitable societal outcomes through informed client-centered welfare strategies."

A: "Pauper"

"A pauper is an individual dependent on charity for survival often due to extreme poverty. In social welfare addressing pauperism involves providing resources and opportunities to promote self-sufficiency. Understanding this term informs policies that tackle systemic poverty ensuring access to education healthcare and employment. By supporting paupers through structured interventions social welfare systems foster dignity and economic independence reducing reliance on charity and promoting equitable societal development for vulnerable populations."

A: "Cornell University"

"Cornell University launched the first Women’s Studies course in 1969 marking a milestone in gender-focused education. This initiative advanced feminist scholarship examining women’s roles and experiences in society. In social welfare Women’s Studies informs policies promoting gender equality addressing issues like discrimination and empowerment. The 1969 course set a precedent for academic programs worldwide fostering research and advocacy that support equitable development and inclusive social welfare systems for women and marginalized groups."

A: "Catholic and Protestant communities"

"Emile Durkheim’s seminal study on suicide published in 1897 analyzed data from Catholic and Protestant communities to explore social factors influencing suicide rates. His findings highlighted the role of social cohesion with stronger community ties reducing suicide risk. In social welfare Durkheim’s work informs interventions addressing mental health and social isolation emphasizing community support systems. Studying Catholic and Protestant communities provided insights into how social structures shape individual behavior guiding policies that foster resilience and well-being."

A: "Secondary method of social work"

"Social welfare administration is a secondary method of social work focusing on organizing and managing resources to deliver services effectively. It supports primary methods like casework by ensuring efficient policy implementation and program coordination. This administrative role enhances social welfare systems addressing needs like poverty and healthcare through structured management. By optimizing resource allocation it ensures equitable service delivery fostering sustainable outcomes and supporting vulnerable populations through systematic professional welfare practices."

A: "2006"

"Pakistan’s Protection of Women (Criminal Laws Amendment) Act passed in 2006 reformed laws to protect women’s rights addressing issues like honor crimes and discriminatory practices. This legislation strengthened legal protections promoting gender equality in social welfare. The 2006 Act supports women’s access to justice informing policies that reduce violence and discrimination. By enhancing legal frameworks it fosters equitable societal development ensuring women’s safety and empowerment through targeted rights-based interventions in welfare systems."

A: "Orangi Pilot Project (OPP)"

"Dr. Akhtar Hameed Khan is celebrated for founding the Orangi Pilot Project (OPP) in Karachi Pakistan a model for community-driven development. Initiated in 1980 OPP empowers low-income communities through self-managed infrastructure and social programs addressing poverty and sanitation. Khan’s work informs social welfare by demonstrating participatory approaches guiding policies that foster community resilience and equitable development. The OPP’s success highlights the impact of grassroots initiatives in transforming marginalized areas influencing global development strategies."

A: "Genetically determined"

"Evolution a genetically determined process drives species survival through natural selection and genetic variation. In social welfare understanding evolution informs policies addressing health and behavioral traits ensuring interventions align with biological realities. This concept supports research into genetic factors influencing social issues like mental health guiding targeted welfare programs. By recognizing evolution’s role social welfare systems promote holistic approaches integrating biological insights with social interventions to enhance community well-being and resilience."

A: "Hunter-gatherer culture"

"Hunter-gatherer culture relies on hunting fishing and gathering wild plants for subsistence shaping early human societies. In social welfare studying this culture informs policies for indigenous and rural communities respecting traditional lifestyles while addressing modern needs. This understanding guides sustainable development ensuring equitable access to resources and cultural preservation. Hunter-gatherer culture’s emphasis on community cooperation influences welfare strategies fostering inclusive interventions that support diverse populations and promote societal resilience through culturally sensitive approaches."

A: "Resilience and Sustainability Trust (RST)"

"The IMF’s Resilience and Sustainability Trust (RST) supports countries in addressing climate change and promoting sustainable development through financial and technical assistance. Launched to enhance resilience it informs social welfare by guiding policies that mitigate environmental impacts on vulnerable populations. The RST’s focus on sustainability ensures equitable resource allocation fostering economic stability and environmental protection. This trust strengthens global welfare systems addressing climate-related challenges and supporting long-term development goals in affected communities."

A: "Mediator"

"A social worker acting as a mediator resolves conflicts among community members fostering harmony and collaboration. This role is critical in social welfare ensuring equitable solutions to disputes over resources or social issues. Mediation promotes community cohesion supporting welfare programs that address underlying tensions. By facilitating dialogue mediators enhance social stability guiding interventions that align with community needs and promote inclusive sustainable outcomes in diverse societal contexts."

A: "To examine how religion functions within society its impact on social structures and individual behavior and its role in shaping values and social norms"

"Sociologists study religion to understand its influence on societal structures individual behavior and cultural norms shaping values like compassion and community. In social welfare this informs policies that respect religious diversity while addressing issues like poverty and social cohesion. Religion’s role in shaping behavior guides interventions that foster inclusive communities ensuring equitable service delivery. By examining its societal functions sociologists enhance welfare strategies promoting resilience and harmony through culturally sensitive evidence-based approaches."

A: "Social welfare systems"

"Social welfare systems provide structured support to needy and vulnerable populations addressing issues like poverty healthcare and education. These systems integrate government and community efforts to ensure equitable resource access and social justice. In practice social welfare systems deliver services like financial aid and counseling promoting societal well-being. Their comprehensive approach fosters resilience guiding policies that empower marginalized groups and enhance community stability through targeted inclusive interventions."

A: "Religion"

"Death and birth are deeply tied to religion which provides frameworks for understanding life’s cycles through rituals and beliefs. In social welfare this connection informs culturally sensitive interventions addressing emotional and social needs during these events. Religion’s role in shaping responses to birth and death guides policies that respect diverse spiritual practices ensuring equitable support for communities. This understanding enhances welfare systems fostering resilience and cohesion through culturally relevant approaches to life’s major transitions."

A: "Social welfare services"

"Social welfare services encompass support for individuals with intellectual disabilities and those facing economic hardships providing resources like healthcare education and financial aid. These services promote inclusion and equity addressing systemic barriers to well-being. By offering tailored interventions social welfare services ensure vulnerable populations access necessary support fostering independence and societal participation. This comprehensive approach guides policies that enhance community resilience and promote equitable development for diverse groups."

A: "Tribe"

"In horticultural societies social organization is primarily through tribes which structure community life around kinship and shared resources. In social welfare understanding tribal systems informs policies that respect cultural practices while addressing modern needs like education and healthcare. Tribes foster cooperation guiding interventions that promote sustainable development and equity. This organizational model ensures culturally sensitive welfare strategies enhancing community cohesion and resilience in societies reliant on horticultural practices."

A: "1998"

"The Department of Gender & Women Studies at Allama Iqbal Open University (AIOU) established in 1998 advances research and education on gender issues in Pakistan. It promotes gender equality through academic programs informing social welfare policies that address women’s rights and empowerment. The 1998 founding marked a commitment to inclusive education fostering equitable development. This department’s work supports interventions tackling gender disparities ensuring culturally relevant strategies that enhance women’s societal contributions and well-being.