A nebula is a vast cloud of gas and dust in interstellar space. Some nebulae are stellar nurseries while others are remnants of supernova events. A galaxy is a huge system of stars and nebulae held by gravity. The Milky Way is our galaxy. A comet is an icy small body.
Conventional optical microscopy or conventional imaging uses an external light source that illuminates the subject. The lens system then forms an image for observation or capture. The stem is brief yet aims at the basic idea that light based instruments need illumination to function. Select conventional to align with the key.
The Central Processing Unit fetches decodes and executes instructions. It performs arithmetic logic and control operations while working with memory and input output. The motherboard provides connections and power distribution. The hard disk stores data persistently. For quick mapping pair CPU with execution to avoid confusion during rapid computer literacy tests.
The keyed choice states fields cannot be deleted. Many real systems allow structural edits yet past paper keys sometimes fix a restrictive rule for beginners. When practicing follow the provided key. In real work plan table design carefully then use tools for safe schema changes with backups and validation.
Classic PowerPoint files use .ppt and modern versions use .pptx. The key marks None of these likely due to version focus. Remember that .xls belongs to Excel. If the exam expects the newer format then .pptx is correct. Always read the course notes for the preferred extension in that syllabus.
The continental shelf is the shallow fringe of a continent that extends from the shore to the shelf break. It supports rich fisheries and offshore resources. The slope follows with a steeper descent then the rise near the deep ocean floor. Knowing each term by profile shape yields easy points in geomorphology items.
The Indus rises in the Tibetan Plateau near Lake Manasarovar then flows through Ladakh and enters Pakistan. It gathers major tributaries before reaching the Arabian Sea. Source and mouth facts are frequently tested. Match Indus with Tibet as source and with the Arabian Sea as mouth for a clean memory map.
Parabolic dunes form when vegetation anchors arms and wind reshapes crescent forms. Barchans are crescent dunes with horns pointing downwind. When conditions change the shape may invert into a parabolic outline. Seif dunes are long and narrow aligned with prevailing winds. Desert landform vocabulary appears often in physical geography tests.
The Chaj Doab lies between the Chenab and Jhelum rivers. Rachna is between Ravi and Chenab. Bari is between Beas and Ravi. Sindh Sagar spans Indus and Jhelum. Doab names are classic Punjab geography facts. Build a simple mnemonic to secure quick accuracy in map based items.
Mahatma Gandhi did not attend the first Round Table Conference in London. He later attended the second conference as the sole Congress representative. Pakistan related figures like Sir Zafarullah Khan participated actively. Round Table chronology appears often. Fix first without Gandhi and second with Gandhi for a reliable memory hook.
Six members of the All India Muslim League entered the interim government formed in nineteen forty six. Portfolios covered key departments alongside Congress nominees. The arrangement failed to resolve core disputes yet it set the stage for partition negotiations. Numbers based facts like six league members are classic objective items.
Syed Abul Ala Maududi founded Jamaat e Islami in nineteen forty one. The movement promoted an Islamic political and social program through writing and organization. It later formed branches in multiple countries. Founders and dates are frequent exam topics. Pair Maududi with Jamaat e Islami for fast and accurate recall.
The Wall of Knowledge is a public art and education themed structure in Karachi. Such civic projects promote reading and community pride. City identification questions test awareness beyond capitals. Link this landmark with Karachi to secure a quick mark. Always read for the keyword built in which city.
The main Pakistani nuclear tests took place at Chaghi in Balochistan on May twenty eight nineteen ninety eight. Another test followed at Kharan. The Chaghi mountain image became a national symbol. Dates and locations for strategic events are high yield facts. Memorize Chaghi hills for the primary test site.
The Durand Line is the boundary between Pakistan and Afghanistan. The Line of Control refers to the military control line in Jammu and Kashmir between Pakistan and India. The Radcliffe Line separated India and Pakistan at partition. Distinguish these three names since they recur across geography and history sections.
Makran acceded to Pakistan on seventeen March nineteen forty eight. The coastal region lies in present day Balochistan and includes Gwadar environs historically linked with Oman. Accession dates for Kalat Kharan Lasbela and Makran form a common cluster in tests. Fix seventeen March nineteen forty eight for Makran.
Pakistan Steel Mills construction advanced mainly during the tenure of Prime Minister Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto with Soviet cooperation. The listed options do not include him. Therefore None of these matches. The complex is located near Karachi at Pipri. Industrial history items often test leaders linked with major projects.
Anona Moka Ahmed is identified with painting in art references. Cultural questions check knowledge of notable Pakistani and regional artists and writers. When unsure apply elimination. Dramatists and filmmakers usually appear with widely known works. For this key match the name with painter to keep alignment with the provided set.
The Asian Games were awarded to Hangzhou in China. The event cycle faced pandemic delays yet the host city remained Hangzhou. Mega event locations are frequent quiz items. Tie cities with games to secure quick marks. Keep Hangzhou in mind for the twenty twenty two cycle as used in this past paper key.
The keyed answer for this paper is Zahid Saeed. Administrative appointments change over time. For past papers rely on the official at that time. For real time exams verify from recent notifications. Remember FPSC chair is a federal appointment that often appears in recruitment based tests and interviews.