SAARC’s headquarters is in Kathmandu; Nepal; this question tests organizational knowledge. Not Delhi or Thimpu; A is correct. Understanding organizations enhances geopolitical awareness; this is vital for exams or regional discussions; SAARC promotes South Asian cooperation; knowing locations aids in diplomatic analysis; accurate knowledge ensures clarity in conversations about international bodies or South Asia; staying informed strengthens general knowledge; A aligns with the location.

Rene Descartes pioneered modern philosophy; this question tests intellectual history. Known for “Cogito; ergo sum”; others followed; C is correct. Understanding philosophy enhances intellectual awareness; this is vital for exams or philosophical discussions; Descartes shaped rationalism; knowing figures aids in intellectual analysis; accurate knowledge ensures clarity in conversations about philosophy or history; staying informed strengthens general knowledge; C matches the record.

Hassan Pasha served as a commander under Abdul Hamid II; this question tests historical knowledge. Others are incorrect; C is correct. Understanding military roles enhances historical awareness; this is vital for exams or Ottoman discussions; commanders shaped defense; knowing figures aids in historical analysis; accurate knowledge ensures clarity in conversations about Ottoman military or history; staying informed strengthens general knowledge; C aligns with the record.

Muammar Gaddafi was Libya’s leader; this question tests historical knowledge. Not Iran or Syria; A is correct. Understanding leaders enhances geopolitical awareness; this is vital for exams or Middle East discussions; Gaddafi shaped Libya’s politics; knowing figures aids in historical analysis; accurate knowledge ensures clarity in conversations about African history or leadership; staying informed strengthens general knowledge; A matches the record.

Moriscos were Muslims forcibly converted to Christianity in Iberia; this question tests historical knowledge. Conversos were Jewish converts; C is correct. Understanding terms enhances historical awareness; this is vital for exams or European history discussions; Moriscos faced expulsion; knowing terms aids in historical analysis; accurate knowledge ensures clarity in conversations about religious history or Spain; staying informed strengthens general knowledge; C aligns with the term.

Nadir Shah was from Iran; this question tests historical knowledge. He led Persia; not Afghanistan or Tunisia; A is correct. Understanding rulers enhances historical awareness; this is vital for exams or Persian history discussions; Nadir’s conquests were significant; knowing origins aids in historical analysis; accurate knowledge ensures clarity in conversations about 18th-century history or rulers; staying informed strengthens general knowledge; A matches the record.

Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi was Iran’s last king in 1979; this question tests historical knowledge. Others are incorrect; C is correct. Understanding revolutions enhances geopolitical awareness; this is vital for exams or Middle East discussions; the revolution reshaped Iran; knowing figures aids in historical analysis; accurate knowledge ensures clarity in conversations about Iranian history or revolutions; staying informed strengthens general knowledge; C aligns with the record.

Russia was the Ottoman Empire’s primary rival pre-19th century; this question tests historical knowledge. Poland and Germany were less significant; C is correct. Understanding rivalries enhances geopolitical awareness; this is vital for exams or history discussions; conflicts shaped borders; knowing rivals aids in historical analysis; accurate knowledge ensures clarity in conversations about Ottoman history or geopolitics; staying informed strengthens general knowledge; C matches the record.

Japan attacked Russia in 1904 (Russo-Japanese War); not listed; this question tests historical knowledge. Other years are incorrect; D is correct. Understanding conflicts enhances historical awareness; this is vital for exams or war discussions; the war reshaped Asia; knowing dates aids in historical analysis; accurate knowledge ensures clarity in conversations about global conflicts or history; staying informed strengthens general knowledge; D aligns with the correct year.

The Treaty of Lausanne was signed in 1923; this question tests diplomatic history. It redefined Turkiye’s borders; other years are incorrect; C is correct. Understanding treaties enhances geopolitical awareness; this is vital for exams or international relations discussions; the treaty ended Ottoman conflicts; knowing dates aids in diplomatic analysis; accurate knowledge ensures clarity in conversations about global history or Turkiye; staying informed strengthens general knowledge; C matches the timeline.

Diwan-e-Al Zimma handled tax collection for non-Muslims; this question tests historical knowledge. Not audits or postal; A is correct. Understanding administration enhances historical awareness; this is vital for exams or Islamic history discussions; the system managed revenues; knowing roles aids in historical analysis; accurate knowledge ensures clarity in conversations about Abbasid governance or taxation; staying informed strengthens general knowledge; A aligns with the function.

Franklin Roosevelt introduced government performance reforms in 1933; this question tests historical knowledge. Part of New Deal; not later years; A is correct. Understanding policies enhances historical awareness; this is vital for exams or US history discussions; reforms tackled the Depression; knowing dates aids in historical analysis; accurate knowledge ensures clarity in conversations about governance or economic recovery; staying informed strengthens general knowledge; A matches the timeline.

George H.W. Bush announced the New World Order post-USSR collapse; this question tests historical knowledge. Nixon and Clinton were not involved; C is correct. Understanding speeches enhances geopolitical awareness; this is vital for exams or Cold War discussions; the term shaped global politics; knowing leaders aids in historical analysis; accurate knowledge ensures clarity in conversations about international relations or US policy; staying informed strengthens general knowledge; C aligns with the timeline.

Fourth World denotes marginalized nations like Chad and South Sudan; this question tests geopolitical knowledge. China and Cuba are not; A is correct. Understanding classifications enhances global awareness; this is vital for exams or international discussions; Fourth World includes impoverished states; knowing categories aids in political analysis; accurate knowledge ensures clarity in conversations about global poverty or geopolitics; staying informed strengthens general knowledge; A matches the classification.

Mesopotamia means land between two rivers; Tigris and Euphrates; this question tests geographical knowledge. Not oceans or seas; C is correct. Understanding regions enhances historical awareness; this is vital for exams or geography discussions; Mesopotamia birthed early civilizations; knowing terms aids in geographical analysis; accurate knowledge ensures clarity in conversations about ancient history or river systems; staying informed strengthens general knowledge; C aligns with the definition.

Mesopotamia’s name comes from Greek; this question tests etymology. Meaning “between rivers”; it’s not Sumerian or Latin; B is correct. Understanding word origins enhances linguistic awareness; this is vital for exams or historical discussions; Greek terms shaped geography; knowing etymology aids in cultural analysis; accurate knowledge ensures clarity in conversations about ancient civilizations or language; staying informed strengthens general knowledge; B matches the linguistic record.

Ibn-e-Sina; known as Avicenna; was born in Bukhara; this question tests historical knowledge. In modern Uzbekistan; not Shabshan or Samarand; C is correct. Understanding philosophers enhances cultural awareness; this is vital for exams or historical discussions; Avicenna shaped medieval science; knowing origins aids in historical analysis; accurate knowledge ensures clarity in conversations about Islamic scholars or philosophy; staying informed strengthens general knowledge for academic contexts; C aligns with his birthplace.