The Gregorian calendar is a solar system calibrated to Earth’s orbit around the Sun. Leap-year rules correct cumulative drift. It is the dominant civil calendar worldwide. (The Persian calendar is also solar; but the keyed answer targets Gregorian.)
General Sir Francis Tuker penned reflective accounts of the Burma theater and strategy. “While Memory Serves” offers candid judgments on command and logistics. It illuminates Allied decision-making in Southeast Asia. Military historians mine it for first-hand perspectives.
Ayesha Jalal examines state formation; civil–military relations; and electoral politics across the region. The analysis compares Pakistan; India; and neighbors over decades. It explores why democratic practices advance or stall. The book is widely assigned in South Asian politics courses.
Iqbal passed away on 21 April 1938 in Lahore. The day is marked with seminars; wreath-laying; and readings of his verse. His philosophical poetry shaped Muslim political thought on the subcontinent. He is honored nationally as “Poet of the East.”
Al-Tabari compiled a sweeping universal history from creation to his day. He used isnad-based reporting to record events. The chronicle is foundational for early Islamic historiography. It pairs with his influential Quranic exegesis.
Gandhi was born on 2 October 1869 in Porbandar; Gujarat. Trained in law in London; he began activism in South Africa. Back in India; he led mass non-violent movements. His moral politics reshaped anti-colonial struggle.
The association aimed to articulate loyalist Muslim opinion in a turbulent era. Sir Syed emphasized education and gradual reform over agitation. It predated structured Muslim party organization. The effort foreshadowed later political mobilization.
The Taipei-based state retains the formal name “Republic of China.” It traces continuity to the 1912 republic. “Taiwan” is widely used for clarity in international discourse. Diplomatic recognition varies by country.
Wundt founded the first laboratory dedicated to experimental psychology at Leipzig in 1879. He formalized introspection and reaction-time methods. His students spread this scientific approach worldwide. The lab’s creation marks psychology’s institutional birth.
Samarkand sits in the Zeravshan valley of modern Uzbekistan. It flourished as a Silk Road hub under Timur. Monuments like the Registan and Ulugh Beg’s observatory attest to its legacy. It remains a cultural centerpiece of Central Asia.
Reagan starred in Hollywood before entering politics. He later served as California’s governor and became U.S. President in 1981. His agenda emphasized markets; tax cuts; and strong defense. Media savvy shaped his public leadership.
New Zealand is a constitutional monarchy within the Commonwealth. The British monarch serves as Head of State; represented locally by a Governor-General. Executive leadership rests with the Prime Minister and Cabinet. This arrangement balances ceremonial and political roles.
Discovered at Rashid (Rosetta) in Egypt; the stela bears a decree in three scripts. Greek provided the key to deciphering hieroglyphs. Champollion’s breakthrough opened ancient Egyptian texts to modern study. The artifact is central to Egyptology.
The IOC awarded the 2020 Games to Tokyo after a competitive bid. Global health conditions pushed the event to 2021. Branding and venues largely stayed the same. The Games proceeded under extensive protocols.
Foucault explored rules that govern the production of knowledge. He examined archives discourse and power. The book outlined methods for historical analysis of ideas. It deeply influenced late 20th century social theory.
The Rashidun span runs from 632 to 661. That is roughly thirty years. It covers the four Rightly Guided caliphs. The period saw rapid expansion and early institutions.
Nur Jahan commissioned the marble tomb for her father Mirza Ghiyas Beg. It features pietra dura and delicate jali work. The design foreshadows later Mughal marble at Agra. It is often nicknamed the Baby Taj.
Punjab politics in 1996 saw repeated removals and reinstatements. Judicial orders reversed some executive actions that year. Restoration in November represented a decisive legal turn. The episode underscored courts’ role in provincial power struggles.
The amendment re-centered parliamentarism and devolved many subjects to provinces. It renamed NWFP as Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and revised appointment procedures. Fundamental rights and federal relations were updated across dozens of articles. Enactment occurred in 2010 after broad political consensus.
Textual sources—Vedas; epics; Puranas; edicts; and inscriptions—anchor much of early Indian chronology. Archaeology complements but the option here targets “literature.” These written records preserve myths; law; and political memory. Historians triangulate them with material finds.