NAIB TEHSILDAR (General Knowledge) (BS-14) – Revenue Department Gujranwala, Faisalabad, Sahiwal, DG Khan & Bahawalpur Region – 2022

The Roman numeral M represents 1000 a standard symbol in the system used by ancient Romans for counting. C stands for 100 D for 500 and L for 50 making them incorrect for 1000. This system is still used today in clocks book chapters and movie credits to denote years or sections. Understanding Roman numerals is useful in historical studies architecture and formal numbering applications where traditional notation adds a classic touch. The symbol M is derived from the Latin word "mille" meaning thousand and is essential for interpreting dates or quantities in classical texts or monuments providing a link to ancient mathematical practices.

UNCTAD released the report "From the Great Lockdown to the Great Meltdown" focusing on developing country debt during the COVID-19 crisis. IMF ADB and World Bank have their own reports on economic impacts but this specific title is from UNCTAD. The report highlights urgent measures for debt relief and financial support to prevent economic collapse in vulnerable nations. It discusses how the pandemic exacerbated debt burdens and proposes a global debt deal to aid recovery. This document is valuable for economists policymakers and researchers studying international finance and development challenges offering insights into post-pandemic economic strategies. Update (as of 2025-09-04)

The Open Skies Treaty was signed in 1992 allowing unarmed aerial surveillance flights over participating countries to promote openness and trust. It was proposed in 1955 but finalized in Helsinki in 1992 with 34 initial signatories. The treaty entered into force in 2002 and has been used for over 1500 flights. It aims to enhance military transparency and confidence-building among nations particularly in Europe and North America. The agreement includes provisions for sensor technology and data sharing to ensure compliance. This treaty is important for international relations and arms control studies providing a framework for reducing tensions through verification measures. Update (as of 2025-09-04)

The Oscar officially the Academy Award is the highest honor in the film industry awarded annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Golden film award and Lux award are not globally recognized as the top prize. The Oscars cover categories like best picture actor and director celebrating cinematic excellence. First presented in 1929 the awards have grown into a major cultural event watched by millions worldwide. Winning an Oscar can boost careers and film success significantly. This award is key for film enthusiasts historians and professionals offering insights into trends and innovations in cinema over decades.

Qatar held its first legislative election in October 2021 for the Shura Council marking a significant step in political participation. Saudi Arabia and Brunei have not held similar elections. The election allowed citizens to vote for 30 of the 45 council members with the Amir appointing the rest. This event was part of Qatar's reforms to enhance governance and public involvement. The council advises on legislation and policy influencing national development. This milestone is important for Middle East studies and political science highlighting shifts in governance models in Gulf states. Update (as of 2025-09-04)

Norway is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system where the king serves as head of state with ceremonial roles. It is not a republic or federation. The government is led by a prime minister and the Storting parliament holds legislative power. Norway's system balances tradition with democracy ensuring stable governance. Known for its high quality of life and welfare state Norway's political structure supports equality and environmental policies. This model is studied in comparative politics for its effectiveness in managing resources and social services providing lessons for other nations seeking balanced leadership.

The Taliban opened an office in Qatar in 2013 to facilitate peace talks with the Afghan government and international stakeholders. This was part of efforts to end the Afghan conflict through diplomacy. The office in Doha has been a hub for negotiations leading to agreements like the 2020 US-Taliban deal. Qatar's neutral stance made it an ideal location for such discussions. This development is crucial for understanding Middle East geopolitics and conflict resolution strategies. Update (as of 2025-09-04)

The Booker Prize began in 1969 recognizing outstanding fiction from the Commonwealth and Ireland making none of the options correct. It has evolved to include international authors since 2014. The prize boosts book sales and author recognition with winners like Salman Rushdie and Margaret Atwood. It encourages diverse storytelling and literary excellence. The award is important for literature enthusiasts and scholars highlighting trends in contemporary writing and cultural narratives. Understanding its history helps appreciate global literary contributions and the impact of awards on publishing industries.

Hawaii became the 50th state in 1959 following Alaska's admission earlier that year. Arizona and New Mexico joined in 1912. Hawaii's unique culture and location make it a strategic and economic asset for the US. The statehood process involved referendums and congressional approval reflecting democratic principles. Hawaii's integration is studied in American history for its implications on territorial expansion and cultural diversity providing insights into US policies on Pacific territories and indigenous rights.

Hagia Sophia was built by the Romans under Emperor Justinian in 537 AD as a cathedral later converted to a mosque by Ottomans in 1453. Greeks influenced Byzantine architecture but Romans constructed it. The structure is a masterpiece of Byzantine engineering with its massive dome and mosaics. It served as a museum from 1935 until 2020 when it was reconverted to a mosque. This site is significant for architectural history and interfaith studies symbolizing cultural shifts in Istanbul over centuries. Update (as of 2025-09-04)

Apple Park is in Cupertino California serving as Apple's headquarters designed by Norman Foster with a circular structure. London Swat and Quetta are not locations for it. The campus emphasizes sustainability with solar panels and green spaces. It houses thousands of employees and includes a visitor center. Apple Park represents innovation in corporate architecture blending technology with nature. Understanding its design is useful for studies in modern architecture and corporate culture highlighting how companies like Apple shape work environments and urban planning.

The Maldives has a 100% Muslim population as per constitution requiring citizenship tied to Islam. This makes it unique among nations with complete religious homogeneity. The country's laws and culture are influenced by Islamic principles with mosques and festivals central to life. Tourism is key to the economy with resorts respecting religious norms. Studying the Maldives offers insights into island nations climate change vulnerabilities and Islamic governance models providing lessons in environmental and cultural preservation.

The ancient period ended in 476 AD with the fall of the Western Roman Empire marking the start of the Middle Ages. 500 BC and 326 BC are within ancient times and 1 AD is the start of the common era. This transition involved barbarian invasions and decline in urban life. The period is studied for its contributions to philosophy art and science from civilizations like Greece and Rome. Understanding this endpoint helps in historical timeline construction and analyzing societal changes over millennia.

Rumi's tomb is in Konya Turkey a pilgrimage site for Sufis and poets. Rome Baghdad and Samarkand are not locations for it. The mausoleum is part of the Mevlana Museum attracting visitors for its spiritual significance. Rumi's poetry emphasizes love and mysticism influencing global literature. Konya hosts annual festivals celebrating his legacy. This site is important for Islamic studies and literature offering insights into Sufism and Persian poetry's impact on world culture.

Qin Shi Huang the first emperor of China initiated the Great Wall's construction in the 3rd century BC to protect against invasions. Wang Tou Fa Hien and Hiung Tsang were travelers or officials not builders. The wall spans thousands of kilometers symbolizing Chinese engineering and history. It was built by millions of workers over centuries. The Great Wall is a UNESCO site and tourist attraction providing lessons in ancient defense strategies and labor history.

Aristotle is regarded as the father of political science for his works like "Politics" analyzing government forms and society. Plato his teacher focused on philosophy Karl Marx on economics. Aristotle's empirical approach laid foundations for the discipline. His ideas on democracy and ethics influence modern politics. Studying Aristotle helps understand political theory evolution and its application in governance and policy-making.

The US dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan in 1945 ending World War II. Italy and France were allies or occupied not targets. The bombings caused massive destruction and led to Japan's surrender. This event is pivotal in history for introducing nuclear warfare and ethical debates. It shaped post-war geopolitics and arms control treaties providing lessons in warfare's human cost and international relations.

Mitochondria are the powerhouse generating ATP through respiration. Cell wall is structural cytoplasm is fluid. They convert food to energy essential for cell functions. Known as cell batteries they have own DNA. This is fundamental in biology for understanding energy production and diseases like mitochondrial disorders.

Nuclear energy converts nuclear to thermal through fission heating water for electricity. Proton conversion or chemical to heat are not accurate. Reactors use uranium for chain reactions. This process is key for clean energy but raises safety concerns. Understanding nuclear conversion is important for energy studies and environmental policy debating sustainable power sources.

Theodore Maiman developed the first working laser in 1960 using ruby crystal. Planck and Boyle contributed to physics but not laser. Lasers are used in medicine surgery and communications. The invention marked optics advancement. Studying laser history provides insights into technological innovations and applications in daily life from barcodes to fiber optics.

The Kabul River flows into the Indus River near Attock in Pakistan contributing to the Indus basin system. Sutlej Jhelum and Chenab are other tributaries but not for Kabul. The river originates in Afghanistan and supports agriculture and hydropower in both countries. It is vital for water management and ecology in the region. Understanding river systems is essential for geography and environmental studies highlighting transboundary water issues and irrigation in South Asia.

The 1965 Indo-Pakistan War lasted 17 days from September 6 to 22 ending with a UN ceasefire. It involved major battles in Kashmir and Punjab. The war highlighted military strategies and led to the Tashkent Agreement. It is remembered for heroism and impacts on bilateral relations. Studying this war provides insights into South Asian conflicts and peace processes influencing current diplomacy.

Nawab Saleem Ullah Khan was the leader of Muslims in East Bengal during the 1905 Bengal partition advocating for Muslim interests. Mohsin ul Mulk and Waqar ul Mulk were associated with Aligarh movement. The partition created East Bengal and Assam with a Muslim majority. It was annulled in 1911 due to protests. This event is key in Indian history for sparking swadeshi movement and Muslim League formation influencing independence struggles.

Pakistan won no medals in the 2021 Tokyo Olympics despite participating in athletics shooting and other events. Athletes like Arshad Nadeem performed well but didn't medal. The Olympics featured over 11000 athletes from 200 countries. Pakistan's performance highlights needs for sports infrastructure and training. Update (as of 2025-09-04)

The 1973 Constitution declares Urdu as Pakistan's national language promoting unity. Punjabi Bengali and Sindhi are regional languages. Urdu is used in education media and official documents. The constitution allows provincial languages alongside Urdu. This provision reflects Pakistan's linguistic diversity and efforts to balance national identity with regional cultures. Understanding this is essential for studies in Pakistani governance and cultural policy.

Chlorofluorocarbon or CFC is used as a refrigerant in older refrigerators for cooling by absorbing heat. Nitrogen and Helium are not typically used for this. CFCs were phased out due to ozone depletion replaced by HFCs. Refrigeration involves compression and expansion cycles to cool air. Understanding refrigerants is important for environmental science and appliance technology highlighting impacts on climate change and alternatives like hydrofluoroolefins for sustainable cooling.

Convex lenses are used in car headlights to focus light beams for better visibility. Concave lenses diverge light plain are flat. The lens shape allows parallel rays for distant illumination. Headlights also use reflectors to direct light. This design is crucial for automotive safety and engineering providing insights into optics applications in everyday technology and road safety standards.

Kelvin is the SI unit of temperature used in scientific measurements starting from absolute zero. Centigrade is Celsius Fahrenheit is another scale. Kelvin is essential for thermodynamics and physics calculations. It avoids negative values in equations. Understanding units is fundamental for science education ensuring consistent measurements in experiments and international standards.

Aluminium is the most abundant metal in Earth's crust at about 8.1 percent. Oxygen and silicon are non-metals iron is less at 5 percent. Aluminium is used in construction and packaging due to its lightness and resistance to corrosion. Mining and extraction involve bauxite ore. This fact is key for geology and materials science highlighting resource distribution and industrial applications in modern technology.

JJ Thomson discovered the electron in 1897 through cathode ray experiments identifying it as a subatomic particle. Rutherford discovered the nucleus Goldstein protons. The discovery revolutionized atomic theory leading to modern physics. Thomson's work earned him a Nobel Prize. Understanding electron discovery is essential for chemistry and physics education explaining electrical conductivity and chemical bonding.

Cybercrime involves computers and internet for illegal activities like hacking and fraud. Both are integral to digital crimes. Cybercrimes cost billions annually affecting individuals and businesses. Prevention involves firewalls and awareness. This topic is important for IT security studies and law enforcement providing insights into digital threats and protective measures in an interconnected world.

According to relativity as speed approaches light mass becomes infinite requiring infinite energy. Zero doubles or same are incorrect. This concept is from Einstein's theory explaining why nothing with mass exceeds light speed. It impacts particle physics and space travel theories. Understanding relativity is crucial for advanced science exploring universe limits and technology like GPS.

The WWW is an information system enabling access to documents via hyperlinks created by Tim Berners-Lee in 1989. It's not storing or deleting service. It revolutionized information sharing with browsers like Chrome. Understanding WWW is essential for digital literacy explaining internet navigation and data retrieval in modern society.

HTTPS provides secure communication encrypting data to protect against eavesdropping. Text voice or video are types not security. It uses SSL/TLS for safe transactions like banking. This protocol is crucial for online privacy and e-commerce preventing data breaches. Understanding HTTPS is key for web development and cybersecurity ensuring safe internet usage.

strlen() in C finds string length excluding null terminator. length() or len() are for other languages like Python len(). It's used in programming for string manipulation. This function is fundamental in software development for data processing and validation. Understanding string functions aids in coding efficiency and error prevention in applications.

Ctrl + E centers selected text in Word. Ctrl + F is find Ctrl + D font dialog. This shortcut streamlines formatting. Shortcuts improve productivity in document creation. Understanding them is essential for efficient office software use in professional environments.

The toolbar shows 8 to 72 but actual range is 1 to 1638. Provided B. This feature allows text customization for readability. Font sizes impact document design. Understanding formatting tools is key for professional documents ensuring visual appeal and clarity.

Ctrl + S saves documents preventing data loss. Ctrl + B bold Ctrl + F find Ctrl + N new. This shortcut is standard in software. Regular saving is best practice in computing. Understanding shortcuts enhances efficiency in word processing for business and education.

Ctrl + V pastes copied text. Ctrl + C copy Ctrl + S save Ctrl + W close. This is part of cut-copy-paste trio. These commands are universal in apps. Understanding them is fundamental for digital productivity in editing tasks.

No shortcut like Alt++ for range calculation auto sum is Alt + =. None of these is correct. Excel functions like SUM calculate ranges. Understanding formulas is essential for data analysis. This knowledge aids in financial modeling and statistics using spreadsheet software for efficient computations.

Go To is under Find & Select in Home tab closest to B Find. Menu is old Search and Help not. Ctrl + G accesses it. This command navigates large spreadsheets. Understanding navigation tools is key for data management in Excel improving efficiency in professional tasks.

All views outline slide sorter slide show are present in PowerPoint so none of these. Outline for text slide sorter for thumbnails slide show for presentation. These views aid in design and delivery. Understanding them is essential for creating effective presentations in business and education ensuring organized content flow.

Outline view shows text titles and bullets for content organization. Notes page for speaker notes slide show for playback slide sorter for overview. This view is useful for drafting. Understanding views enhances presentation creation efficiency allowing focus on content before design.

powerpnt.exe is the executable for opening PowerPoint. Others are incorrect. This file is in program directory. Understanding file execution is basic for software use. It helps in troubleshooting and automation in computing environments.

Print title prints rows or columns on every page for reference in long documents. Print layout views print fit scales. This feature is useful for reports. Understanding print options ensures professional output in spreadsheets.

Theme applies consistent colors fonts and effects to slides for uniform look. Design is broader animation for transitions layout for slide structure. Themes save time in presentation design. Understanding them is key for visual consistency in professional slides.

* and ? are wildcards in Excel for searching * for any characters ? for single. Others are not. Wildcards aid in data filtering. Understanding them improves data management efficiency in spreadsheets.

Home page is the initial page of a website serving as entry point. Desktop is computer interface web page general open page not standard. It typically includes navigation and key info. Understanding web structure is essential for digital design and user experience.

End notes are at document end for references footnotes at page bottom header at top. They provide additional info without disrupting flow. Understanding notes is key for academic writing ensuring proper citation and clarity.

A6 is standard cell reference in Excel. 6A is reversed (A6) parenthesis for formulas A+A6 invalid. References are column row. Understanding them is fundamental for spreadsheet work enabling calculations and data organization.

Auto save in Word is set to 10 minutes by default to prevent data loss. Other intervals can be adjusted. This feature backs up work during editing. It's crucial for long sessions. Understanding auto save helps in document management reducing risk of lost progress.

Shift key selects consecutive worksheets Ctrl for non-consecutive. Alt is for shortcuts. This allows group editing. Understanding selection is key for efficient spreadsheet work saving time in data management.

Constants are fixed values like numbers functions calculate variables change. They provide stable data in formulas. Understanding types is essential for accurate calculations in spreadsheets.

Watermark is faint text or image behind content for branding or security. Stamp logo are different. It's used in drafts or confidential documents. Understanding watermarks aids in document customization for professional use.

Cover page is the title page introducing the document. Authoring page not standard Excel is software. It's used in reports for first impression. Understanding structure enhances document presentation.

Freezing pane keeps rows or columns visible while scrolling. It's in View tab. This is useful for large datasets. Understanding freezing improves data navigation efficiency.

Gutter margin adds space for binding in printed documents. It's adjustable in page setup. This ensures text isn't lost in binding. Understanding margins is key for professional printing.

Trackers store user information for personalization or ads. Proxy routes traffic VPN secures defender protects. Trackers use cookies for data. Understanding them is important for privacy awareness.

Word processor like Word allows page numbers. Note pad is basic Excel for spreadsheets. This feature is in header/footer. Understanding it aids in document formatting for reports.

Selection pane lists objects in PowerPoint for management. Wrap text formats hyphenation splits words. This tool is useful for complex slides. Understanding it enhances design control.

Auto complete stores previous entries for quick input. Feed is RSS web slices old feature. This improves user experience. Understanding browser features aids in efficient web navigation.

Step 1