NAIB TEHSILDAR (General Knowledge) (BS-14) – Revenue Department – 2022

When eyes are closed most people see a gray shade called Eigengrau instead of total darkness. It happens because retinal cells produce signals even without light. This phenomenon shows vision depends on brain activity as well as external light.

The UN Security Council held an emergency meeting on 16 August 2021 after the Taliban entered Kabul. The meeting discussed humanitarian needs women rights refugee safety and global security concerns. It highlighted international urgency regarding Afghanistan situation.

The Farewell Sermon of Prophet Muhammad PBUH in 632 AD is known as the earliest human rights declaration. It emphasized equality human dignity property rights and protection of women. This historic message is considered a foundation of justice and moral rights.

Washington DC is not part of any state. It is a separate federal district created by the US Constitution to serve as the national capital. It is located between Maryland and Virginia but remains politically independent.

The Covid Delta variant was first detected in India in late 2020. It spread rapidly worldwide due to high transmission and severity. It caused serious health crises and major second waves in many countries.

The intended answer is Great Britain for exam context. Britain is known for an uncodified constitution that relies on traditions and laws. In comparison USA and Australia have single written constitutions. This question checks awareness of constitutional systems.

Mount Everest is the tallest mountain in the world with a height of 8849 meters. It is located in Nepal on the border with Tibet. Everest is globally recognized as a symbol of adventure and extreme climbing challenges.

The president of the United States is elected through the Electoral College. A candidate needs 270 electoral votes to win. This system means a candidate may lose the popular vote but still win the presidency.

AUKUS is a defense pact formed in September 2021 by Australia the UK and the US. It focuses on nuclear submarine technology cyber defense and advanced security cooperation. The agreement aims to strengthen Indo Pacific security.

The United Arab Emirates launched the Hope Probe to Mars in July 2020. It entered orbit in February 2021. The mission studied the atmosphere of Mars and marked the first Arab achievement in deep space exploration.

By September 2021 around five million deaths were recorded worldwide due to Covid 19. This number highlighted the severe impact of the pandemic on public health and society. Global efforts on vaccines and safety measures were accelerated.

The United States has pursued containment of China through alliances military presence and trade policies. This includes QUAD and AUKUS strategies. The goal is to limit Chinese influence in the Asia Pacific and maintain balance of power.

The Tomb of Anarkali is inside Punjab Civil Secretariat Lahore. It is a Mughal era monument later used as a church and archives. Today it stands as an important protected heritage site of Pakistan history.

Allama Muhammad Iqbal is remembered as the Poet of the East. His inspiring poetry awakened Muslims of South Asia and provided the vision for Pakistan. He is honored for his contributions to literature and politics.

Quaid e Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah opposed the Quit India Movement in 1942. He believed it favored Congress interests and ignored Muslim concerns. His leadership strengthened the demand for a separate homeland for Muslims.

The Radcliffe Award was announced on 17 August 1947. It divided Punjab and Bengal between India and Pakistan. The delayed decision caused confusion migration and violence during partition.

The presiding officer of the Senate in Pakistan is called the Chairman. He leads the upper house of Parliament and is second in line to act as President in case of vacancy. This role ensures continuity in governance.

The June 3 1947 Plan known as the Mountbatten Plan outlined the partition of British India. It prepared the path for the creation of Pakistan. The plan allowed provinces to decide their future through assemblies.

Emperor Babar founder of the Mughal dynasty was buried in Kabul. His tomb lies in Bagh e Babur gardens which remain a heritage site and tourist attraction in Afghanistan.

Abdul Motaleb Malik served as the last Governor of East Pakistan in 1971. His tenure ended with the fall of Dhaka and the independence of Bangladesh.

The Montague Chelmsford Reforms introduced dyarchy in provincial administration. They were passed under the Government of India Act 1919. It was a limited step toward Indian self government.

Mohtarma Fatima Jinnah was a professional dentist. She later became a key political leader and played a vital role in Pakistan politics alongside Quaid e Azam.

The total area of Pakistan is 796096 square kilometers. It ranks among the largest countries of South Asia and has diverse landscapes from mountains to deserts.

Pakistan won its first ICC ODI World Cup in 1992 under the captaincy of Imran Khan. The victory came at Melbourne where Pakistan defeated England in the final.

In 1930 Allama Iqbal delivered the Allahabad Address. He proposed the idea of a separate homeland for Muslims in northwest India. This vision became the ideological foundation for Pakistan.

Choudhry Rehmat Ali introduced the name Pakistan in 1933 in his pamphlet Now or Never. The name represented different regions Punjab Afghania Kashmir Sindh and Baluchistan.

Begum Muhammad Ali Johar actively supported the Lahore Resolution of 1940. Her contribution is recognized as an important example of women participation in the Pakistan Movement.

The Shimla Deputation of 1906 had 35 Muslim leaders. They met Viceroy Lord Minto to demand political rights for Muslims. This meeting played a key role in recognition of Muslim identity.

The Constitution of 1956 established a unicameral legislature for Pakistan. It created a single house of parliament before later constitutions introduced bicameral structure.

Muslims constitute about 96 percent of the population of Pakistan. This overwhelming majority reflects the Islamic character of the country and shaped its ideology.

Mohammad Hassan Akhund became the caretaker Prime Minister of Afghanistan after the Taliban takeover in August 2021. He is a long standing Taliban leader and has played a central role in the movement leadership. His appointment showed the Taliban preference for religious figures over technocrats. The interim government faced international challenges especially on recognition and aid.

Pakistan hosted the 48th OIC Council of Foreign Ministers Session in Islamabad in March 2022. Leaders from across the Muslim world attended to discuss Palestine Kashmir Afghanistan and Islamophobia. Hosting this event increased Pakistan diplomatic importance. It reflected the country active role in global Muslim affairs and regional cooperation.

The English Channel lies between southern England and northern France. It connects the North Sea to the Atlantic Ocean and serves as a key waterway for international trade. Historically it acted as a natural defense barrier for Britain. It is also famous for the Channel Tunnel linking England to mainland Europe.

Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit invented the mercury in glass thermometer in 1714. This device allowed more precise and consistent temperature measurement compared to earlier instruments. Fahrenheit also created the Fahrenheit temperature scale which is still used in some countries today. His invention marked a major step in physics medicine and meteorology.

Hydrogen is the simplest and lightest element with atomic number 1. This means its nucleus contains only one proton. Hydrogen makes up the majority of matter in the universe and is the key element in stars. It is widely used in industries energy research and in fuel cell technologies.

The Belgian scientist Georges Lemaitre proposed the Big Bang theory in the 1920s. He suggested the universe began from a single dense point which expanded over time. Edwin Hubble later supported this with the discovery of galaxy expansion. The theory remains the leading explanation for the origin of the universe.

The opium poppy produces a milky fluid known as poded latex. This latex is collected from seed capsules and processed into opium and its derivatives such as morphine. The plant has long been used for pain relief but also causes addiction problems. It remains significant in medicine agriculture and global narcotics control.

In semiconductors resistance decreases as temperature rises. Higher temperature excites more electrons into the conduction band increasing conductivity. This behavior makes semiconductors unique compared to metals. The property is vital for the functioning of diodes transistors and integrated circuits which are the building blocks of all modern electronic devices.

When an acid reacts with a base a neutralization reaction occurs. This produces salt and water as final products. For example hydrochloric acid reacts with sodium hydroxide to form sodium chloride and water. Neutralization is applied in daily life medicine and environmental science to reduce acidity and balance chemical processes.

Mass is a base physical quantity in the International System of Units. It measures the amount of matter in an object and is independent of gravity. Unlike weight mass remains constant regardless of location. Mass is measured in kilograms and is fundamental in physics mechanics and engineering calculations worldwide.

Plants store carbohydrates as starch while animals store them as glycogen. Both serve as energy reserves during growth activity or fasting. Starch is stored in seeds and tubers whereas glycogen is stored in liver and muscles. This biological system provides energy for survival and is a key topic in food science.

Hydrogen gas is used in the hydrogenation process to convert vegetable oils into semi solid Banaspati ghee. The gas changes the chemical structure of the oil improving texture and shelf life. However it also forms trans fats which pose health risks. The process is widely used in food industries worldwide.

Carbon dioxide is the main gas used in many fire extinguishers. It works by displacing oxygen around flames and reducing heat to stop combustion. CO2 is safe for electrical fires because it does not damage equipment and leaves no residue. This makes it ideal for use in offices industries and homes.

The Sun and stars produce energy through nuclear fusion. In this process hydrogen atoms combine to form helium releasing large amounts of energy. Fusion powers the light and heat of stars. Scientists are researching fusion reactors as a clean energy source. If achieved it could provide sustainable power for the future.

Spreadsheets are created and managed using Microsoft Excel. It allows users to calculate analyze and visualize data using formulas charts and tables. Excel is essential in business finance research and education. It improves efficiency and accuracy in handling large data compared to manual methods.

The F1 key is a universal shortcut for accessing help in most computer programs. In Microsoft Office pressing F1 opens the help window with guides and troubleshooting tips. It is useful for new users who need step by step instructions. The shortcut saves time compared to searching manually for help resources.

Pressing F12 in Microsoft Word opens the Save As dialog box. It allows users to save a document with a new name or format without changing the original file. This feature is helpful for maintaining multiple versions of the same document. It supports organized and safe file management in offices.

Yahoo Google and Ask are examples of search engines used to explore the internet. None of these is correct in this exam context. Search engines index websites and display results based on relevance. They remain vital for digital information access education and business research across the world.

In Microsoft Word pressing Control Shift and equal sign applies superscript formatting. It is commonly used in mathematical and scientific writing for exponents like x². Keyboard shortcuts like this improve productivity by reducing time spent navigating menus. They help users prepare professional and academic documents with greater accuracy and speed.

A web browser usually opens the home page when launched. This page may be a search engine a blank page or a custom site set by the user. The home page provides quick access to frequently used resources and acts as a starting point for internet browsing in daily use.

When you type 9 slash 8 in Microsoft Excel without using a formula the program interprets it as a date. It displays September 8 instead of a fraction. This is due to Excel automatic recognition of date patterns. To write fractions correctly users must apply proper formatting before entering numbers.

The NOW function in Excel returns the current system date and time. It updates automatically whenever the worksheet recalculates. This makes it useful for creating reports schedules and time tracking tools. It is widely applied in business finance and research projects where real time accuracy is required.

In Microsoft Word the shortcut Control and Y performs the redo function. It restores the last action undone by the user. This feature improves editing speed and reduces mistakes when handling long documents. Redo is especially useful in professional writing and formatting tasks where repeated corrections are needed.

The keyboard shortcut Control and Right Arrow in Microsoft Word moves the cursor one word to the right. It helps users navigate text quickly without using a mouse. This shortcut saves time and makes editing more efficient. It is valuable for students professionals and writers working on lengthy documents.

A slide is the basic page in Microsoft PowerPoint used to create a presentation. Slides can contain text images video and animations. They are arranged in sequence to present information effectively. PowerPoint slides are widely used in education business and professional training to communicate ideas clearly to audiences.

Cybersecurity is connected to protecting computers networks and software from digital threats. It prevents hacking malware and data breaches. With the rise of online services cybersecurity has become essential for individuals companies and governments. It involves practices like encryption strong passwords and firewalls to secure sensitive information against cyber attacks.

In Microsoft Word the shortcut Control Shift and equal sign is used for superscript formatting. It allows proper writing of mathematical expressions such as x². Superscripts are also important in chemical formulas and references. This shortcut improves speed and accuracy in preparing academic documents research papers and scientific reports.

AutoRecover in Microsoft Word saves document backups automatically at fixed intervals such as every 10 minutes. It protects work from unexpected shutdowns and power failures. This feature ensures users can recover most of their progress without major loss. It is essential for students professionals and offices handling important files.

Macros in Microsoft Office automate repetitive tasks by recording a sequence of actions. They can be replayed to save time and reduce errors. This feature is particularly useful when handling large datasets or applying the same formatting repeatedly. Macros improve productivity and are widely used in professional environments and offices.

A text box in Microsoft PowerPoint is used to insert text on a slide. It can be resized moved and formatted to match the presentation style. Text boxes are essential for adding titles bullet points and explanations. They give flexibility in design and help present information clearly to the audience.

In Microsoft Excel the Print Title option repeats specific rows or columns on every printed page. This makes long tables easier to understand by showing headings consistently. It is widely used in financial records statistical sheets and academic reports. The feature ensures clarity and saves time when analyzing large data.

In Microsoft Excel pressing F11 automatically creates a chart from selected data. The chart is placed on a new sheet and allows instant visualization. This shortcut is helpful for quick analysis and saves time compared to manual chart creation. It is widely used in research finance and data presentations.

A bookmark is used to mark a specific location in a document or webpage. In Microsoft Word it helps users resume work from the same point. In browsers it saves favorite web pages for quick access. Bookmarks save time improve navigation and are useful for students professionals and researchers.

A browser is software used to access websites on the internet. Popular browsers include Chrome Firefox and Edge. They interpret code like HTML and CSS to display readable content. Browsers are essential tools for communication education entertainment and business in the digital age. They provide users access to global information.

In Microsoft PowerPoint the Color Scheme option changes the color design of objects across slides while leaving content unchanged. It provides consistent appearance and professional design for presentations. This tool is useful in branding academic projects and corporate reports. Color schemes save time and ensure uniformity across multiple slides.

In Microsoft Excel a data series is a group of related values displayed in a chart. It usually comes from a row or column of data. Data series help users visualize patterns and trends. This feature is essential for creating line graphs bar charts and other tools for data analysis.

In Microsoft PowerPoint design templates can be accessed through File menu formatting toolbar and standard toolbar. Templates provide pre designed layouts colors and fonts. They make presentations attractive consistent and professional. Templates save time and help students teachers and professionals focus on content instead of design work.

A hyperlink allows movement from one page to another within a website or document. Hyperlinks are linked to text images or buttons. They improve user experience by providing direct access to connected resources. Hyperlinks are essential for websites digital books and presentations making navigation easy and efficient for readers.

A header is information placed at the top of each page in a document. It may contain titles page numbers author names or dates. Headers ensure consistency throughout the document and provide readers with useful references. They are widely used in assignments official reports research papers and professional documents.

Microsoft PowerPoint allows users to add animation audio and video to presentations. These multimedia features make slides more engaging and effective. They are widely used in classrooms business meetings and training sessions. Adding multimedia improves communication helps audiences remember key points and creates a professional impression in presentations.

A constant in Excel is a fixed value entered directly into a cell. It does not change unless edited manually. Unlike formulas or functions constants remain stable during calculations. They are used for labels fixed numbers and reference values. Constants ensure consistency and accuracy in large data handling and reports.

The VALUE error in Excel appears when the program cannot process a formula or when incompatible data types are used. For example adding text to a number produces this error. Understanding error codes helps users correct mistakes quickly. It is vital for ensuring accurate results during data analysis and reporting.

The volume of a cube is equal to edge cubed. If the ratio of volumes is 8