Parole / Probation Officer (BS-16) – Home Department (Punjab Probation & Parole Service) – 2022 (Case No. 16H2021)

Criminal anthropology studies offenders’ personality traits through physical characteristics historically linked to theories like Lombroso’s. This question tests knowledge of criminological theories in sociology exams. It explores early attempts to connect physical traits with criminal behavior a key topic in understanding crime’s social dimensions. Update (as of 2025-09-05)

August Comte coined the term sociology in the 19th century defining it as the study of society. This question tests knowledge of sociological foundations in sociology exams. Comte’s work laid the groundwork for modern sociology making this a significant topic for students. Update (as of 2025-09-05)

Analysis structuring and tabulation are all used in social work for assessment planning and data management. This question tests knowledge of social work methodologies in sociology exams. Understanding these methods is crucial for effective social interventions. Update (as of 2025-09-05)

Human trafficking is classified as organized crime involving coordinated illegal activities. This question tests knowledge of crime categories in sociology exams. Its global impact makes it a significant topic for understanding social issues like exploitation and migration. Update (as of 2025-09-05)

Ferdinand Tonnies coined Gemeinschaft referring to community-based social ties. This question tests knowledge of sociological concepts in sociology exams. Gemeinschaft contrasts with Gesellschaft highlighting different social structures a key topic for students. Update (as of 2025-09-05)

Identifying the problem is the first step in social research guiding subsequent steps. This question tests knowledge of research methodology in sociology exams. A clear problem statement ensures focused research making this a significant topic. Update (as of 2025-09-05)

Pitirim Sorokin proposed four types of sociology including positivistic and interpretive approaches. This question tests knowledge of sociological frameworks in sociology exams. His typology helps understand diverse sociological perspectives a key topic for students. Update (as of 2025-09-05)

Sigmund Freud’s psycho-analytical theory links crime to unconscious psychological conflicts. This question tests knowledge of criminological theories in sociology exams. Freud’s ideas influence understanding of criminal behavior making this a significant topic. Update (as of 2025-09-05)

Medical social work relates to social and preventive medicine addressing health-related social issues. This question tests knowledge of social work fields in sociology exams. It bridges healthcare and social services a key topic for students. Update (as of 2025-09-05)

Social research aims to advance theoretical knowledge and provide utilitarian solutions. This question tests knowledge of research objectives in sociology exams. Balancing theory and practice is crucial for impactful research a significant topic for students. Update (as of 2025-09-05)

Ibn Khaldun used sedentary and nomadic to describe social organization not loss. This question tests knowledge of sociological history in sociology exams. His concepts of social cohesion remain influential a key topic for students. Update (as of 2025-09-05)

Community sentiment defines rural communities fostering close-knit ties. This question tests knowledge of rural sociology in sociology exams. Understanding rural social structures is crucial for studying societal dynamics a significant topic. Update (as of 2025-09-05)

Cultural diffusion is the spread of beliefs and practices across cultures. This question tests knowledge of cultural processes in sociology exams. It explains cultural exchange a key topic for understanding globalization. Update (as of 2025-09-05)

Cultural lag describes delayed adoption of innovations like mobile phones in rural areas. This question tests knowledge of cultural change in sociology exams. It highlights resistance to change a significant topic for students. Update (as of 2025-09-05)

Cultural change is driven by inventions discoveries and diffusion. This question tests knowledge of cultural dynamics in sociology exams. These processes shape societal evolution making them significant topics for students. Update (as of 2025-09-05)

An operational definition specifies how a variable is measured in research. This question tests knowledge of research methodology in sociology exams. It ensures research clarity a significant topic for students. Update (as of 2025-09-05)

Civil welfare rights trace back to humanism emphasizing human dignity and equality. This question tests knowledge of social welfare history in sociology exams. Humanism’s influence on rights is a key topic for students. Update (as of 2025-09-05)

An intervening variable mediates the relationship between independent and dependent variables. This question tests knowledge of research variables in sociology exams. Understanding variable roles is crucial for research design a significant topic. Update (as of 2025-09-05)

A hypothesis is a testable statement predicting relationships between variables. This question tests knowledge of research methodology in sociology exams. Hypotheses guide scientific inquiry a significant topic for students. Update (as of 2025-09-05)

August Comte defined sociology as the science of social phenomena governed by natural laws. This question tests knowledge of sociological foundations in sociology exams. Comte’s definition shaped modern sociology a key topic for students. Update (as of 2025-09-05)

Deductive reasoning moves from general principles to specific conclusions. This question tests knowledge of logical methods in sociology exams. It is crucial for hypothesis testing a significant topic for students. Update (as of 2025-09-05)

Inductive reasoning builds general principles from specific observations. This question tests knowledge of logical methods in sociology exams. It is essential for theory development a significant topic for students. Update (as of 2025-09-05)

Emile Durkheim introduced anomie describing social normlessness leading to deviance. This question tests knowledge of sociological concepts in sociology exams. Anomie’s role in understanding social disorder makes it a significant topic. Update (as of 2025-09-05)

Social welfare administration involves public administration to deliver social services. This question tests knowledge of social work methods in sociology exams. It ensures effective welfare delivery a significant topic for students. Update (as of 2025-09-05)

Counselling uses both direct (face-to-face) and indirect (referrals) methods in social work. This question tests knowledge of social work techniques in sociology exams. Its versatility makes it a significant topic for students. Update (as of 2025-09-05)

Charagah refers to a common grazing area in villages. This question tests knowledge of rural sociology in sociology exams. It highlights rural communal practices a significant topic for students. Update (as of 2025-09-05)

A decrease in inventions slows cultural change leading to low change rates. This question tests knowledge of cultural dynamics in sociology exams. It explains societal evolution a significant topic for students. Update (as of 2025-09-05)

Max Weber created Verstehen emphasizing understanding social actions subjectively. This question tests knowledge of sociological concepts in sociology exams. Verstehen’s role in interpretive sociology makes it a significant topic. Update (as of 2025-09-05)

Upward mobility refers to moving to a higher social class. This question tests knowledge of social stratification in sociology exams. It explains social dynamics a significant topic for students. Update (as of 2025-09-05)

Surveys are used in both social (quantitative) and qualitative research methods. This question tests knowledge of research techniques in sociology exams. Surveys’ versatility makes them a significant topic for students. Update (as of 2025-09-05)

C. Wright Mills wrote Sociological Imagination linking personal experiences to social structures. This question tests knowledge of sociological literature in sociology exams. The book’s impact makes it a significant topic for students. Update (as of 2025-09-05)

Social case work involves social study diagnosis and treatment to address individual issues. This question tests knowledge of social work processes in sociology exams. It is crucial for client support a significant topic for students. Update (as of 2025-09-05)

Consumer fraud tax evasion and bribery are white-collar crimes involving non-violent financial misconduct. This question tests knowledge of crime types in sociology exams. Their impact on society makes this a significant topic. Update (as of 2025-09-05)

Edwin Sutherland developed the differential association theory linking crime to learned behavior. This question tests knowledge of criminological theories in sociology exams. It explains criminal behavior a significant topic for students. Update (as of 2025-09-05)

Social institutions fulfill shelter food and personality development needs shaping society. This question tests knowledge of social structures in sociology exams. Their role in human welfare is a significant topic for students. Update (as of 2025-09-05)

Social institutions like family and education fulfill society’s basic needs. This question tests knowledge of social structures in sociology exams. Their role in social stability is a significant topic for students. Update (as of 2025-09-05)

Bivariate data involves two variables where each value of one is paired with another. This question tests knowledge of statistical concepts in sociology exams. Understanding bivariate data is crucial for analyzing relationships a significant topic. Update (as of 2025-09-05)

Feminist research addresses women’s issues from their perspective promoting equality. This question tests knowledge of sociological approaches in sociology exams. Its focus on gender makes it a significant topic for students. Update (as of 2025-09-05)

Darul-ul-Aman provides shelter for women facing social challenges in Pakistan. This question tests knowledge of social welfare in sociology exams. Its role in protecting women is a significant topic for students. Update (as of 2025-09-05)

Snowball sampling involves participants recruiting others for research. This question tests knowledge of research methods in sociology exams. It is useful for hard-to-reach populations a significant topic for students. Update (as of 2025-09-05)

Ibn Khaldun’s concept of functional social cohesion explains group dynamics. This question tests knowledge of sociological history in sociology exams. His ideas remain influential a significant topic for students. Update (as of 2025-09-05)

Social mobility refers to movement within social hierarchies. This question tests knowledge of social stratification in sociology exams. It explains social dynamics a significant topic for students. Update (as of 2025-09-05)

Rural infrastructure has made villages more developed improving living standards. This question tests knowledge of rural sociology in sociology exams. Infrastructure’s role in development is a significant topic for students. Update (as of 2025-09-05)

Sociological perspective involves understanding behavior within its broader social context. This question tests knowledge of sociological approaches in sociology exams. It fosters holistic analysis a significant topic for students. Update (as of 2025-09-05)

Farmers plough harvest and water crops essential rural activities. This question tests knowledge of rural sociology in sociology exams. Farming practices shape rural economies a significant topic for students. Update (as of 2025-09-05)

John M. Gillette wrote the first rural sociology textbook in 1916. This question tests knowledge of sociological literature in sociology exams. His work established rural sociology a significant topic for students. Update (as of 2025-09-05)

Farmers connect with capitalists through markets selling their produce. This question tests knowledge of rural economics in sociology exams. Markets bridge rural and capitalist systems a significant topic. Update (as of 2025-09-05)

Low farmer production prioritizes domestic consumption over market sales. This question tests knowledge of rural sociology in sociology exams. It highlights rural economic challenges a significant topic for students. Update (as of 2025-09-05)

Farmers prioritize both subsistence for survival and commercial production for income. This question tests knowledge of rural sociology in sociology exams. Balancing these priorities shapes rural economies a significant topic. Update (as of 2025-09-05)

Rural-to-urban labor shift is significant but not described by listed options suggesting a question error. This question tests knowledge of social change in sociology exams. Migration impacts rural economies a significant topic. Update (as of 2025-09-05)

The village economy is primarily based on agriculture. This question tests knowledge of rural sociology in sociology exams. Agriculture’s role in rural livelihoods is a significant topic for students. Update (as of 2025-09-05)

Face-to-face interaction is a key feature of rural society fostering community ties. This question tests knowledge of rural sociology in sociology exams. It contrasts urban anonymity a significant topic for students. Update (as of 2025-09-05)

Rural health centers provide primary healthcare in villages. This question tests knowledge of rural infrastructure in sociology exams. They address rural health needs a significant topic for students. Update (as of 2025-09-05)

Rural people are primarily associated with agriculture their main livelihood. This question tests knowledge of rural sociology in sociology exams. Agriculture shapes rural identity a significant topic for students. Update (as of 2025-09-05)

Propaganda is an indirect method of social control influencing behavior through media. This question tests knowledge of social control in sociology exams. It shapes public opinion a significant topic for students. Update (as of 2025-09-05)

Rural sociology aids technology adoption knowledge and farm production reforms. This question tests knowledge of rural sociology’s significance in sociology exams. It supports rural development a key topic for students. Update (as of 2025-09-05)

Modern agriculture seeks high yields and economic profit. This question tests knowledge of rural sociology in sociology exams. Balancing productivity and profit shapes modern farming a significant topic. Update (as of 2025-09-05)

Homogeneity reflecting similar lifestyles is a major feature of rural sociology. This question tests knowledge of rural characteristics in sociology exams. It contrasts urban diversity a significant topic for students. Update (as of 2025-09-05)

Customs are informal social control methods guiding behavior through tradition. This question tests knowledge of social control in sociology exams. They shape community norms a significant topic for students. Update (as of 2025-09-05)

Sociological imagination connects personal experiences to broader social contexts. This question tests knowledge of sociological concepts in sociology exams. It fosters critical thinking a significant topic for students. Update (as of 2025-09-05)

Urbanization and industrialization created the working class inspiring Marxism. This question tests knowledge of sociological history in sociology exams. It explains class dynamics a significant topic for students. Update (as of 2025-09-05)

The proletariat in capitalism sells their labor power for survival. This question tests knowledge of class structures in sociology exams. It highlights capitalist dynamics a significant topic for students. Update (as of 2025-09-05)

People migrate to improve their living standards seeking better opportunities. This question tests knowledge of migration in sociology exams. Migration’s impact on societies is a significant topic for students. Update (as of 2025-09-05)

Pastoral society involves nomadic groups relying on domesticated animals for food. This question tests knowledge of societal types in sociology exams. It contrasts other societies a significant topic for students. Update (as of 2025-09-05)

An agricultural society uses animal ploughs for large-scale farming. This question tests knowledge of societal types in sociology exams. It highlights rural economies a significant topic for students. Update (as of 2025-09-05)

Friends meeting for tea is a folkway a customary social behavior. This question tests knowledge of social norms in sociology exams. Folkways shape daily interactions a significant topic for students. Update (as of 2025-09-05)

Cultural lag occurs when some cultural elements lag behind others in development. This question tests knowledge of cultural dynamics in sociology exams. It explains uneven cultural change a significant topic for students. Update (as of 2025-09-05)

Venezuela has the largest proven oil reserves globally. This question tests knowledge of global resources in general knowledge exams. Oil reserves impact global economies a significant topic for students. Update (as of 2025-09-05)

The Iranian Revolution occurred in 1979 establishing an Islamic Republic. This question tests knowledge of modern history in general knowledge exams. Its geopolitical impact makes it a significant topic for students. Update (as of 2025-09-05)

UNICEF stands for United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund. This question tests knowledge of international organizations in general knowledge exams. UNICEF’s role in child welfare is a significant topic for students. Update (as of 2025-09-05)

The USA is the largest oil producer due to its shale oil industry. This question tests knowledge of global energy in general knowledge exams. Oil production shapes global markets a significant topic for students. Update (as of 2025-09-05)

UNICEF was established in 1946 to aid children post-World War II. This question tests knowledge of international organizations in general knowledge exams. Its founding history is a significant topic for students. Update (as of 2025-09-05)

Brussels is the capital of Belgium and a major European hub. This question tests geographical knowledge in general knowledge exams. Its role in global politics makes it a significant topic for students. Update (as of 2025-09-05)

China did not set a growth target in May 2020 due to COVID-19 uncertainties. This question tests knowledge of economic policies in general knowledge exams. It reflects global economic challenges a significant topic. Update (as of 2025-09-05)

The Bolshevik Revolution occurred in Russia in 1917 establishing Soviet rule. This question tests knowledge of modern history in general knowledge exams. Its impact on global politics is a significant topic for students. Update (as of 2025-09-05)

Hyderabad was the largest princely state by population in British India. This question tests knowledge of pre-independence history in Pakistan Studies. Its historical significance makes it a key topic for students. Update (as of 2025-09-05)

Lahore is the capital of Punjab Pakistan’s cultural and political hub. This question tests geographical knowledge in Pakistan Studies. Lahore’s significance makes it a key topic for students. Update (as of 2025-09-05)

Senate membership in Pakistan lasts 6 years with staggered elections. This question tests knowledge of political structure in Pakistan Studies. The Senate’s role in governance is a significant topic for students. Update (as of 2025-09-05)

Junaid Jamshed left music for religious reasons becoming a preacher. This question tests knowledge of cultural figures in Pakistan Studies. His transition is a significant topic for students. Update (as of 2025-09-05)

Liaquat Ali Khan was assassinated in Rawalpindi in 1951. This question tests knowledge of political history in Pakistan Studies. The event’s impact on Pakistan’s early years is a significant topic. Update (as of 2025-09-05)

Parag Agrawal was Twitter’s CEO as of recent records. This question tests knowledge of corporate leadership in current affairs exams. The CEO’s role in social media is significant. Update (as of 2025-09-05)

One US gallon equals 3.785 liters a standard conversion. This question tests knowledge of measurements in everyday science exams. Conversions are crucial for scientific applications a significant topic for students. Update (as of 2025-09-05)

Diamond is an allotropic form of carbon with a unique crystal structure. This question tests knowledge of chemistry in everyday science exams. Allotropes’ properties are significant for students studying materials science. Update (as of 2025-09-05)

MS PowerPoint offers 9 default slide layouts not listed in options. This question tests knowledge of software features in basic computer studies exams. Layouts enhance presentation design a significant topic for students. Update (as of 2025-09-05)

Douglas Engelbart built the first computer mouse in the 1960s. This question tests knowledge of computing history in basic computer studies exams. The mouse’s invention is a significant topic for students. Update (as of 2025-09-05)

Antivirus software protects computers from viruses and malware. This question tests knowledge of cybersecurity in basic computer studies exams. Cybersecurity is a significant topic for students in the digital age. Update (as of 2025-09-05)

Electronic crime is classified as cyber crime involving digital systems. This question tests knowledge of crime types in basic computer studies exams. Cyber crime’s impact is a significant topic for students. Update (as of 2025-09-05)

The Memo data type in MS Access stores large amounts of text and numbers. This question tests knowledge of database management in basic computer studies exams. Data types are crucial for database design a significant topic. Update (as of 2025-09-05)

MS Access requires one data type per field not a minimum of multiple types. This question tests knowledge of database design in basic computer studies exams. Proper data type assignment is crucial a significant topic. Update (as of 2025-09-05)

Hacking is a form of cyber crime involving unauthorized system access. This question tests knowledge of cybersecurity in basic computer studies exams. Its impact on digital security is a significant topic for students. Update (as of 2025-09-05)

The preposition of is used with deprive indicating removal. This question tests preposition usage in English grammar. Correct prepositions ensure clarity in language exams.

These and my correctly refer to the rings and grandmother respectively. This question tests pronoun usage in English grammar. Proper pronouns ensure sentence accuracy in language exams.

A subway is an underground passage often for trains or pedestrians. This question tests vocabulary knowledge in English. Understanding terms enhances clarity in language exams.

Had already done is the correct past perfect tense for an action completed before another. This question tests verb tense usage in English grammar. Proper tenses ensure accuracy in language exams.

Coffee is derived from seeds analogous to tea from leaves. This question tests analogical reasoning in English. Understanding analogies enhances logical skills in language exams.