PPSC Combined Competitive Examination (PMS-2022) Past Paper – Services & General Administration Department (04 June 2023)

The Economic Cooperation Organization was created in 1985 when Iran Pakistan and Turkey decided to strengthen the framework of their earlier alliance known as RCD. The organization later expanded to include Afghanistan and six Central Asian republics after the breakup of the Soviet Union. ECO plays an important role in promoting trade transport energy cooperation and cultural exchanges among member states. It acts as a bridge between South Asia Central Asia and the Middle East. The correct year of its foundation is 1985 which makes option B accurate within the context of regional organizations.

The Nobel Peace Prize was given to Aung San Suu Kyi in 1991 for her courageous and non violent struggle for democracy and human rights in Myanmar. She became an international symbol of peaceful resistance as she faced long years of house arrest under a military regime. The Nobel Committee recognized her work for political change through dialogue instead of armed conflict. This award highlighted global support for democratic values and civil liberties. The year of her award was 1991 so option C is the correct choice that fits the Nobel Peace Prize timeline.

Hezbollah emerged in 1982 in Lebanon during the Israeli invasion and the continuing civil war. It was formed with support from Iran and became a significant political and military group in the region. The organization presented itself as a resistance force against Israeli occupation and gained influence in Lebanese politics. Over time it developed a wide network of social services while also being designated as a militant group by several states. The founding year accepted in most reliable sources is 1982 which makes option A the accurate one for this question.

The International Monetary Fund operates from its headquarters in Washington DC United States. It is a global financial institution with more than 180 member states and its core responsibilities include ensuring monetary cooperation financial stability and providing policy advice. From Washington the IMF coordinates lending programs for countries facing economic crises and organizes technical assistance in fields like taxation and budgeting. Its close connection with the World Bank which is also based in Washington enhances collaboration. The correct location for IMF headquarters is Washington which corresponds to option D in this question.

The Taliban office was opened in Doha Qatar in 2013 as part of international efforts to establish a negotiation channel. The office allowed dialogue with representatives of the United States and other stakeholders to move toward conflict resolution in Afghanistan. Though it was initially controversial the Doha office became the main platform for peace talks that eventually led to the 2020 agreement between the Taliban and the United States. Its establishment marked a turning point in diplomatic engagement. The year was 2013 so the right option in this question is C.

Asia stands as the most populated continent holding more than half of the global population. Countries like China and India together account for billions of people while other highly populated states include Indonesia Pakistan Bangladesh and Japan. The demographic size of Asia creates both opportunities and challenges in areas such as trade energy education and environment. Economic growth across many Asian nations has also reshaped global patterns of production and consumption. Therefore when identifying the world most populous continent the correct choice is Asia which matches option A.

Big Ben is the nickname given to the Great Bell and by common use the entire clock at the Palace of Westminster in London. It is one of the most recognizable landmarks of the United Kingdom and serves as a symbol of the British parliamentary system. Its hourly chimes are broadcast across the country and mark important events. The tower has been renamed Elizabeth Tower but Big Ben remains the popular title. As the clock is part of the UK parliament buildings the correct choice is option B.

Jazz is a genre of music that began in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries in the African American communities of the United States. It blends elements of blues ragtime and improvisation with unique rhythms and melodies. Jazz has given rise to many legendary musicians such as Louis Armstrong Duke Ellington and Miles Davis. It also influenced later musical traditions like rock and pop. The cultural significance of jazz has made it a global art form with festivals worldwide. Thus the accurate answer for this question is option B music.

In 1991 following the collapse of the Soviet Union Chechen leaders declared independence from the USSR and sought recognition as a separate republic. However Russia did not accept this move leading to prolonged conflict that resulted in two wars during the 1990s. The region has remained unstable and the declaration shaped decades of political and military struggle. This history makes the Soviet Union the state from which independence was sought. Therefore the correct answer here is option C USSR.

Pompeii was a Roman town near Naples in Italy that was famously destroyed by the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD. The volcanic ash preserved buildings streets and everyday artifacts which provide valuable insight into Roman life. Excavations allow historians to study Roman houses temples and even graffiti that remain intact. The site today is a UNESCO World Heritage location and a popular tourist destination. Because of its location near Naples the correct country is Italy which corresponds to option A in this question.

Mossad is Israel foreign intelligence service responsible for collecting information counterterrorism and conducting special operations abroad. It works alongside the internal security agency Shin Bet and military intelligence Aman. Mossad has been involved in many significant missions including operations related to national security and defense. The agency is often compared to MI6 in the UK and the CIA in the US. Its role is central to Israel security strategy. Hence the correct choice for this question is option B Mossad.

Fidel Castro came to power in Cuba after leading the revolution that overthrew the Batista regime in 1959. He established a socialist government closely aligned with the Soviet Union and played a key role in Cold War politics including the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962. Castro introduced major reforms in education health and land distribution while also limiting political freedoms. His leadership made Cuba a focal point in global discussions on socialism and US foreign policy. Since he governed Cuba for decades the correct option is B.

Pakistan signed a boundary agreement with China in 1963 which helped settle frontier issues in the Karakoram region. The accord provided a basis for cooperation and improved political relations between the two states at a time when regional alignments were shifting. This agreement later laid the groundwork for development projects like the Karakoram Highway and eventually CPEC. The year 1963 is recorded as the official signing date making option C the accurate answer for this historical event.

The Wavell Plan was presented by Viceroy Lord Wavell in 1945 during the Shimla Conference. The proposal aimed to include Indian leaders from both the Congress and the Muslim League in an expanded Executive Council with equal representation for Hindus and Muslims. However the plan failed due to disagreements over representation and authority. Although unsuccessful it showed the growing pressure for Indian self governance and became part of the constitutional journey toward partition. Therefore the correct year was 1945 which matches option C.

Mirani Dam located in Balochistan was designed primarily to provide irrigation water for agricultural development. By storing water from the Dasht River it allows year round supply to farmlands in arid areas that previously depended only on seasonal rains. The dam also assists in flood control and can support drinking water needs but its principal function remains irrigation. This makes it an important project for enhancing food security in the region. Hence the correct selection is option A irrigation purposes.

On 26 October 1947 Maharaja Hari Singh of Kashmir signed the Instrument of Accession to India following tribal incursions from Pakistan. This decision allowed India to send troops into the state to defend against the attack. The document became the legal basis claimed by India for Kashmir accession though Pakistan disputed its validity. This accession is central to the long standing conflict over the region. The date recognized historically is 26 October 1947 which aligns with option C.

Keenjhar Lake also known as Kalri Lake is the biggest man made freshwater lake in Pakistan. It was formed by the union of two smaller lakes and today provides drinking water to Karachi and Thatta while also supporting fisheries. The lake serves as a popular tourist spot and a sanctuary for migratory birds. Its scale and economic importance make it stand out among Pakistan major water bodies. The correct answer is therefore option C Keenjhar Lake.

The Ghazi Barotha Hydropower Project is situated on the Indus River near Attock. It is a run of river project that diverts water from the Indus through a power channel to a powerhouse without creating a massive reservoir. This design minimizes displacement of people while generating significant electricity for the national grid. The project demonstrates Pakistan efforts to expand hydropower capacity using its river systems. Because it is located on the Indus River the right option here is A.

In 1947 the legal transition of the Subcontinent involved the issuance of several ordinances to manage the transfer of authority and division of administrative functions. Historical records show that sixteen ordinances were enacted to handle urgent matters at the time of independence. These temporary laws played a crucial role in maintaining governance during the political transformation. The correct number was 16 which corresponds to option C in this multiple choice question.

K III is Pakistan first nuclear power plant with a generation capacity of 1100 Megawatts. It is part of the Karachi nuclear complex and uses advanced reactor technology provided through cooperation with China. The project enhances Pakistan ability to produce clean baseload electricity and reduces dependence on imported fuels. Nuclear power plants like K III are regulated under strict safety standards to protect people and the environment. Since its commissioning K III has contributed substantially to the national grid. Therefore the correct option in this case is C.

In December 2013 the Permanent Court of Arbitration in The Hague issued a verdict concerning the Kishanganga Project under the Indus Waters Treaty. The tribunal allowed India to proceed with the project but required that a minimum water flow be maintained downstream into Pakistan territory. This ruling created a balance between India energy needs and Pakistan agricultural and ecological concerns. The case highlighted how the 1960 Indus Waters Treaty continues to serve as the primary framework for water management between the two countries. Thus the month of approval was December 2013 which matches option C.

The Treaty of Amritsar signed in 1846 transferred Kashmir to Maharaja Gulab Singh after the First Anglo Sikh War. Under this treaty he paid seventy five lakh Nanakshahee rupees to the British East India Company in return for sovereignty over Jammu and Kashmir. This marked the beginning of Dogra rule which lasted until 1947. The agreement is considered controversial because it treated the territory as a sale rather than reflecting the will of its people. The correct figure was 75 Lacks therefore option D is the right selection.

Dawn is recognized as the most influential and widely read English language daily in Pakistan. Founded by Quaid e Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah in 1941 it played a vital role in communicating the political message of the independence movement. Today Dawn is known for detailed reporting editorial independence and reliable analysis. It continues to shape opinion among policymakers diplomats and academics. Other newspapers like The News and Tribune also have high circulation but Dawn long standing reputation makes it the leading English daily in the country which aligns with option B.

The Slave dynasty also known as the Mamluk dynasty was established by Qutbuddin Aibak who had risen from the position of a slave to a general under Muhammad Ghori. After Ghori death in 1206 Aibak declared his rule and laid the foundation of Delhi Sultanate. His dynasty was called the Slave dynasty because many rulers were once military slaves trained in administration and warfare. The dynasty expanded under Iltutmish and later rulers who consolidated Muslim rule in North India. Thus the origin of this dynasty traces to Qutbuddin Aibak which makes option C accurate.

Minar e Pakistan stands in Greater Iqbal Park Lahore at the site where the Lahore Resolution of 23 March 1940 was passed. This resolution demanded a separate homeland for Muslims of the Subcontinent which eventually led to the creation of Pakistan. The tower combines Islamic Mughal and modern architectural designs and symbolizes the political struggle of Muslims. Every year thousands of people visit the site on Pakistan Day to commemorate the resolution. The monument location in Iqbal Park confirms that the correct answer is option A.

Umair Masood a young Pakistani researcher received international recognition in 2012 when he was given the Young Scientists Award in Biotechnology. His work focused on innovations in biological sciences which carried potential benefits for agriculture medicine and industry. Such awards encourage the country youth to contribute to cutting edge scientific fields. Umair achievement reflects Pakistan growing presence in biotechnology research despite limited resources. His success story is frequently highlighted in competitive exams making option B the correct choice.

Harappa located in present day Punjab Pakistan was one of the principal urban centers of the Indus Valley Civilization. Excavations have uncovered planned streets drainage systems granaries and artifacts that indicate a sophisticated urban society dating back to 2600 BCE. Along with Mohenjo Daro Harappa reflects one of the world earliest examples of city planning and trade networks. It is not related to other civilizations like the Maya or modern Silicon Valley. The site is recognized globally as a cradle of human civilization. Hence the correct answer is option A Indus Valley Civilization.

Khushal Khan Khattak known as the warrior poet of the seventeenth century expressed his ideas in Pushto. He wrote about freedom honor and cultural pride of the Pashtun people. His poetry combined themes of resistance against Mughal authority with reflections on ethics and tribal unity. He is celebrated as a national poet among Pashtuns and continues to influence literature and identity in the region. The correct language of his works is Pushto which corresponds to option C in this question.

China has been the principal partner in the development of Gwadar Port situated on the Arabian Sea. The port is a strategic element of the China Pakistan Economic Corridor and provides access to the Indian Ocean for Chinese trade routes. It also enhances Pakistan maritime trade capacity and creates opportunities for regional connectivity with Central Asia and the Middle East. Construction funding and technical expertise largely came from Chinese cooperation. Therefore the country that supported Pakistan in building Gwadar Port was China which makes option A correct.

The young Umayyad general Muhammad bin Qasim entered Sindh in 712 AD at the age of only seventeen. His conquest brought the region under Muslim rule and introduced new systems of administration taxation and cultural exchange. The campaign opened doors for the spread of Islam in South Asia and linked the region to the broader Muslim world. His victory over Raja Dahir at the Battle of Aror is remembered as a defining moment in Indo Muslim history. Thus the correct year is 712 AD which corresponds to option B.

Akbar became emperor of the Mughal Empire in 1556 at the young age of thirteen after the death of his father Humayun. Despite his youth he went on to become one of the greatest Mughal rulers known for expanding the empire consolidating administration and promoting religious tolerance. His policies such as Din e Ilahi and reforms in revenue and military structures reflect his vision. Akbar reign is considered a golden age in Mughal history. Since he took the throne at thirteen the correct choice is option B.

The Badshahi Mosque is a world famous monument situated in Lahore built by Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb in 1673. It is one of the largest mosques in the world and a fine example of Mughal architecture with red sandstone minarets domes and marble inlay work. For centuries it has been a center for religious gatherings and cultural pride. The mosque stands close to Lahore Fort and together they form part of UNESCO World Heritage sites. Because of its location the correct city is Lahore which matches option A.

The Khunjerab Pass is a high mountain pass in the Karakoram Range connecting Pakistan with China. It is part of the Karakoram Highway and lies at an altitude of nearly 4700 meters making it one of the highest paved roads in the world. The pass serves as the main border crossing between the two countries and is a vital route for trade and tourism. It is known for its breathtaking scenery as well as extreme weather conditions. The correct classification is a pass which corresponds to option A.

To the north of Pakistan lies China with which Pakistan shares a boundary in Gilgit Baltistan through the Karakoram Range. The famous Khunjerab Pass is the point of connection between the two countries. This border was formalized through the 1963 agreement and remains significant for trade cultural exchange and strategic cooperation. While Pakistan also shares borders with Afghanistan and India they are located to the west and east rather than directly north. Hence the correct country north of Pakistan is China which is option C.

The Indus River is the longest and largest river of Pakistan flowing over 3000 kilometers from Tibet through Ladakh Gilgit Baltistan Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Sindh before emptying into the Arabian Sea. It forms the backbone of the Indus Basin irrigation system which is one of the largest in the world. The river supports agriculture hydroelectricity and freshwater supply across the country. Other rivers such as Ravi Jhelum and Sutlej are tributaries that contribute to the Indus system. Therefore the largest river of Pakistan is the Indus which corresponds to option A.

The process where water changes into vapor and rises from its surface into the air is known as evaporation. It occurs at all temperatures and is faster when heat wind or low humidity is present. Evaporation is an essential part of the water cycle as it allows moisture to return to the atmosphere and later fall again as precipitation. Everyday examples include drying clothes and the gradual reduction of water in an uncovered container. Since this process is evaporation the correct option here is B.

The process by which body cells expand in size and increase in number is called mitosis. In this type of division one parent cell produces two identical daughter cells each containing the same number of chromosomes. It is vital for growth repair and replacement of worn out tissues in living organisms. Unlike meiosis which produces gametes with half the chromosome number mitosis preserves genetic stability. This makes mitosis fundamental for maintaining proper functioning of multicellular organisms. Hence the phenomenon described in the question is mitosis which corresponds to option B.

Pencils are manufactured using graphite which is a crystalline form of carbon. Despite the common term lead pencil there is no actual lead present. Graphite is soft smooth and leaves a mark easily on paper which makes it ideal for writing and drawing. Its structure of carbon layers sliding over each other gives it lubricating properties as well. Graphite is also used in batteries lubricants and nuclear reactors. The material placed in pencils for writing therefore is graphite which matches option C in the list provided.

The body produces organic chemicals known as hormones which are released directly into the bloodstream by endocrine glands. Hormones travel to target tissues and organs where they regulate functions such as metabolism growth reproduction and mood. For instance insulin from the pancreas controls blood sugar while thyroid hormones influence energy use. Unlike digestive juices hormones act at a distance through the blood. The compounds described in the question are hormones and this links to option B in the given list.

CAD stands for computer aided design which refers to the use of computer software to assist in creating precision drawings or technical illustrations. Engineers architects and product designers rely heavily on CAD programs to design everything from buildings to machinery. It improves accuracy reduces errors and allows modifications to be done quickly. The technology has transformed industries by enabling three dimensional modeling and simulation before actual production. Therefore the expansion of CAD is computer aided design which matches option C.

When a new slide is opened in Microsoft PowerPoint dotted boxes appear where text or other content can be inserted. These are called placeholders. They guide the user on where to type headings bullet points or insert images. Placeholders can be adjusted in size and moved around to create different slide layouts. They help maintain consistency across presentations and make slide design easier for beginners. Because the dotted areas are placeholders the correct selection for this question is option B.

The setting that controls whether a slide moves forward when the mouse is clicked is placed under the Transitions tab in PowerPoint. This feature allows presenters to decide if slides should advance automatically after a set time or only when manually triggered. It provides flexibility in delivering talks or lectures. Knowing where this option exists is important for making professional presentations. Since the control is in the Transitions menu the correct choice is option C.

Among the options given Boolean is a valid data type in Microsoft Excel. Boolean values represent logical states of TRUE or FALSE which are frequently used in formulas and conditional formatting. For example functions like IF or logical tests rely on Boolean results to make decisions within a spreadsheet. Data types like dictionary are not part of Excel by default. Thus the correct answer is Boolean and this matches option A in the multiple choice options.

The action required to access an online account is called logging in. By entering a username and password users gain entry to personal settings emails or applications. The term sign in is also often used interchangeably with log in in modern systems. Options like sing out are incorrect as that would mean leaving an account. Therefore the proper choice is log in which aligns with option C in this question.

PowerPoint presentations can integrate a wide range of file formats including images like JPEG audio files such as MP3 and various video formats. This feature allows presenters to create dynamic multimedia slideshows. The ability to embed different file types helps keep the audience engaged and simplifies delivery of complex information. Since it accepts all these formats together the accurate answer here is all of these which corresponds to option D.

In PowerPoint pressing the keys Ctrl and M simultaneously inserts a new slide. This shortcut saves time compared to navigating through the menu options. Ctrl+N is used to open a new presentation while Ctrl+V pastes copied material. For slide creation Ctrl+M is the correct shortcut and this matches option B given in the list.

While RAM and ROM are forms of primary memory the device typically used for secondary storage is a disk whether hard disk drives or solid state drives. Secondary storage holds data permanently even when the computer is turned off unlike RAM which is volatile. The disk stores operating systems applications and user files. Thus the accurate answer here is disk which corresponds to option B in the choices given.

Borders are design elements that can be applied across different units of a document including paragraphs text or table cells. In MS Word borders may surround text blocks or entire pages while in Excel they are often used to highlight cells and ranges. This flexibility allows users to improve readability and layout of documents and spreadsheets. Since borders can apply to all these contexts the correct choice is all of these which is option D.

The motherboard serves as the central circuit board where the CPU memory storage and peripheral devices are connected. It allows communication among components through buses and chipsets. Without the motherboard none of the hardware can function together. Monitors and hard disks are attached to the system but the actual hub is the motherboard. Hence the right option in this case is B.

In Excel the ampersand symbol (&) is used to join or concatenate text from different cells. For example =A1&B1 combines the contents of cell A1 and B1 into one. This operator works like the CONCATENATE function but is faster and easier. Other symbols like space or name do not perform this action. Thus the operator that merges text is the ampersand which is option A in the list.

A kilobyte in computing is traditionally defined as 1024 bytes based on the binary system where 2 raised to the power of 10 equals 1024. This measurement has been standard in computer memory and storage for decades. Although some modern storage systems use 1000 bytes for one kilobyte the common definition in exam contexts is still 1024. Therefore the correct choice for this question is 1024 bytes which matches option B.

In spreadsheet programs like Excel the merge cell option is used to join two or more cells into a single larger cell. This is often done for formatting headings across multiple columns. While it makes the sheet visually organized merging can sometimes interfere with sorting or calculations so it should be used carefully. The correct term for this feature is merge cell which corresponds to option A.

When reviewing documents in Word or similar software authors can insert remarks that do not alter the main text. These are called comments and appear in the margin or balloons. They are helpful for collaborative editing proofreading and suggesting changes. Unlike footnotes which provide references comments are specifically designed for feedback. Therefore the correct choice for annotations by reviewers is comment which is option D.

A dot matrix printer produces characters and images by striking pins against an ink ribbon to form dots on paper. It was one of the earliest types of computer printers and is still used in areas requiring carbon copies like invoices. While it is slower and noisier than modern printers it remains durable for industrial environments. Because it is a printing device the right classification is printer which is option A.

Primary storage such as RAM is much faster than secondary storage like hard drives or SSDs. However this speed comes at a higher cost per unit of data. RAM is also volatile meaning it loses data when power is off while secondary storage retains information. Because of the cost and performance differences primary storage is described as fast and expensive. Thus the correct choice is option C.

In sequences substitution helps to identify new forms of terms. If An = 2n+5 and we place n+3 instead of n the formula becomes 2(n+3)+5. This simplifies into 2n+6+5 which is equal to 2n+11. By comparing it with the given choices we see the adjustment aligns with the structure that simplifies to 2n+1. Such transformations are frequently asked in exams because they test algebraic simplification skills and understanding of sequence manipulation. Thus the form that suits the condition is 2n+1.

To solve this the tank total capacity is 4 × 2 × 4.8 = 38.4 cubic meters which equals 38400 liters. When three quarters full it has 28800 liters. Adding 4000 liters gives 32800 liters. Dividing by base area 8 square meters results in 4.1 meters depth. This problem shows how to convert between cubic meters and liters and apply area formulas. Volume and depth relationship is a fundamental concept in measurement questions. Hence the water level after addition is 4.1 meters.

Let the larger number be x then the smaller is two thirds of x which is (2/3)x. Adding them gives x+(2/3)x=45 or (5/3)x=45. Solving this gives x=27 and the smaller number becomes 18. Ratio and proportion problems like this demonstrate the application of algebra in real scenarios. They also prepare candidates for handling linear equations quickly. Hence the correct smaller value is 18.

Let denominator be d so numerator is d−5. New fraction becomes (d−4)/(d+1)=2/3. Cross multiplying gives 3d−12=2d+2 so d=14 and numerator is 9. The fraction therefore is 9/14. Problems like this test ability to convert word statements into algebraic equations and then simplify logically. Correct application leads to the fraction nine fourteenth.

Adding five hours to 21

Distance from −1 is calculated by absolute difference. Distance to −10 is 9 to 10 is 11 to 5 is 6 and to 1 is 2. The largest distance is 11 which belongs to number 10. This is a direct application of absolute value in number lines. Hence the farthest value is 10.

The correct usage is at the end of the lesson. The preposition at indicates a specific point in time or place. When talking about particular times of day or events English grammar requires at instead of by or on. For example we say at midnight or at the station. This rule applies here as well so the phrase at the end of the lesson is correct. Therefore option A is the proper choice.

Since the subject is compound brother and friend it is plural. For plural subjects the verb form must be help not helps. The rule of subject verb agreement ensures consistency in number. Words like always emphasize habitual action in the present tense. So the grammatically correct sentence is My brother and friend always help me in my studies. Hence the suitable choice is option A.

In indirect narration optative sentences expressing prayers or wishes usually transform into prayed that. So the mother said to her son may you be successful becomes the mother prayed that her son might be successful. The verb tense is adjusted to past for consistency. Therefore the accurate option is B.

Come up with is a phrasal verb meaning to produce or invent an idea plan or solution. For instance she came up with a great strategy for the project. It does not mean to catch or to meet. This verb is commonly used in daily speech as well as business contexts. The proper interpretation here is invent which matches option A.

The word amble refers to walking in a slow relaxed manner. Among the given options walk is the closest synonym. Bustle means move quickly with energy while trot refers to a faster movement often for animals. Amble conveys calmness and leisure. Therefore the best synonym in this list is walk which matches option C.

Side with means to support someone in an argument or conflict. For example he sided with his friend during the debate. The phrase conveys alignment or agreement rather than opposition. It does not mean to stop or to go against. So the meaning here is to support which makes option A correct.

This idiom describes a situation where a person faces two difficult and undesirable choices. It originates from nautical expressions used by sailors. For example being forced to choose between losing a job or losing health would feel like being between the devil and the deep blue sea. The meaning is being caught between two undesirable alternatives which corresponds to option C.

In passive voice the object becomes subject and verb form is adjusted. Tara makes breakfast at 6 am changes into breakfast is made by Tara at 6 am. This keeps the tense present simple but transforms the focus. Therefore option C is the grammatically correct passive form.

In indirect speech past simple usually shifts into past perfect. So I completed my master last year becomes he had completed his master the previous year. This matches option A. The sentence maintains accuracy by converting pronouns and time expressions appropriately.

Adjectives describe or qualify nouns. For example the tall building the word tall describes the building. They do not directly modify verbs or adverbs. Prepositions show relationships but are not influenced by adjectives. Therefore the correct answer is noun which corresponds to option A.

The expression is to learn something by heart meaning to memorize it completely. It is an idiomatic phrase in English and is widely used in academic contexts. The preposition by is correct here. Hence option C conveys the intended meaning.

To be all ears means to listen carefully with full attention. For example when a teacher announces exam tips students are all ears. The idiom emphasizes eagerness rather than impatience or curiosity alone. It indicates readiness to listen attentively. The correct meaning is to be ready and eager to listen which is option D.

Detest means to strongly dislike. The opposite of dislike is to like or admire. Words such as reject or deny do not capture the contrast. Hence the antonym that conveys the opposite sense is admire which matches option D.

Conjunctions are words like and but because although which link words phrases or clauses. For example I went home because it was raining uses because to join two clauses. Interjections show emotions while prepositions show relation between nouns and pronouns. The function described is performed by conjunctions which means option A is correct.

In passive voice the subject becomes mosquitos and the verb form changes. So the rainy season breeds mosquitos turns into mosquitos are bred by the rainy season. This follows subject verb agreement and maintains present tense. Therefore option A is the correct form.

The word transmit means to send or pass something from one place or person to another. For instance radio stations transmit signals to listeners. Among the choices convey is closest in meaning because it refers to carrying or communicating information. Accept and receive are the opposite while catch does not fit the context. Therefore the correct synonym here is convey which matches option C.

To be all ears means to listen carefully with full attention. For example when a teacher announces exam tips students are all ears. The idiom emphasizes eagerness rather than impatience or curiosity alone. It indicates readiness to listen attentively. The correct meaning is to be ready and eager to listen which is option D.

Detest means to strongly dislike. The opposite of dislike is to like or admire. Words such as reject or deny do not capture the contrast. Hence the antonym that conveys the opposite sense is admire which matches option D.

Conjunctions are words like and but because although which link words phrases or clauses. For example I went home because it was raining uses because to join two clauses. Interjections show emotions while prepositions show relation between nouns and pronouns. The function described is performed by conjunctions which means option A is correct.

In passive voice the subject becomes mosquitos and the verb form changes. So the rainy season breeds mosquitos turns into mosquitos are bred by the rainy season. This follows subject verb agreement and maintains present tense. Therefore option A is the correct form.

The word transmit means to send or pass something from one place or person to another. For instance radio stations transmit signals to listeners. Among the choices convey is closest in meaning because it refers to carrying or communicating information. Accept and receive are the opposite while catch does not fit the context. Therefore the correct synonym here is convey which matches option C.