Punjab Public Service Commission Written Test For Recruitment To The Post Of Provincial Management Service, BS-17 (2019)

Q1: Indian Railway commenced operation:
A. 1853
B. 1848
C. 1814
D. 1867

The Indian Railway officially commenced its operations on 16 April 1853, with the first passenger train running from Mumbai (then Bombay) to Thane. This was a historic milestone marking the beginning of one of the largest rail networks in the world. For general knowledge and competitive exams, remembering this foundational year is crucial for answering India-specific history and infrastructure MCQs.

Q2: What is the designation of Hazrat Ibrahim (A.S)?
A. Kalim Ullah
B. Saif Ullah
C. Muhammad Abdullah
D. Khalil Ullah

Hazrat Ibrahim (A.S) is known with the honorable title “Khalil Ullah,” which means “Friend of Allah.” This title signifies his close relationship and unwavering devotion to Allah. He is recognized as one of the greatest Prophets in Islam and plays a central role in the beliefs of the Abrahamic faiths. For Islamic Studies exams, it’s vital to remember such titles linked with Prophets for better understanding of their roles and status.

Q3: Circumference of Earth is approximately
A. 10000 km
B. 60000 km
C. 40075 km
D. 70000 km

The Earth's circumference is approximately 40,075 kilometers when measured around the equator. This measurement helps in understanding Earth's size and is crucial in geography and science-related exams. Remembering this value is helpful for solving questions related to Earth's dimensions, satellite orbits, and global navigation systems.

Q4: Literacy rate in Christian world is 100% whereas in comparison, literacy rate in Muslim world is:
A. 30 %
B. 40 %
C. 70 %
D. 20 %

The literacy rate in the Muslim world is approximately 40%, which is considerably lower than the Christian world's rate of 100%. This gap is often attributed to challenges such as limited educational infrastructure, socioeconomic factors, and regional instability. For competitive exams, understanding such comparative statistics is important to analyze global development trends and educational disparities among different communities.

Q5: What is the shade of Oxyhaemoglobin?
A. Dark Red
B. Bright Red
C. Pale Yellow
D. Dark white

Oxyhaemoglobin is formed when oxygen binds to haemoglobin in red blood cells, and its color is bright red. This bright red hue indicates oxygen-rich blood, typically found in arteries. In contrast, deoxygenated blood appears darker and is carried by veins. Questions about blood components and their characteristics are common in medical and general science exams, so knowing this detail helps in accurately answering biology-related MCQs.

Q6: Pakistan’s high‑tech exports, as a percentage of manufactured exports, currently stand at:
A. 0.9 %
B. 0.7 %
C. 0.8 %
D. None of above

According to the World Bank, Pakistan’s high‑technology exports comprised around **1.43 %** of its total manufactured exports in 2022—the most recent figure available. That value is significantly higher than the options listed (all below 1 %), so the correct choice is “None of above” :contentReference[oaicite:4]{index=4}. This indicator reflects Pakistan’s limited role in high‑R&D sectors and is important for economic and development studies in competitive exams. ::contentReference[oaicite:5]{index=5}

Q7: Parthenocarpy is the formation of fruit which makes the fruit:
A. Bitter
B. Seedless
C. Full of Water
D. Full of seeds

Parthenocarpy refers to the natural or artificially induced development of fruit without fertilization, resulting in seedless fruits such as bananas and seedless grapes. This process is highly beneficial in commercial fruit production because seedless fruits are often more desirable in the market. Understanding parthenocarpy is essential in botany and agriculture-related MCQs, especially for exams focusing on plant biology and food science.

Q8: Who among the following conveyed the first radio signal through air?
A. Graham Bell
B. Marconi
C. Tesla
D. None of these

Guglielmo Marconi is credited with conveying the first radio signal through the air, marking a revolutionary moment in the history of wireless communication. In 1895, he successfully transmitted signals over a distance using electromagnetic waves, laying the foundation for modern radio, television, and mobile technology. This question is important for general science and technology sections in competitive exams.

Q9: Mastication is referred to as the process of:
A. Digesting
B. Grinding
C. Chewing
D. Drinking

Mastication is the biological term for the process of chewing food in the mouth. It involves breaking down food into smaller pieces to aid digestion by mixing it with saliva. This is the first mechanical step in the digestive process and is essential for proper nutrient absorption. Students should remember this term for biology-related MCQs, especially in exams covering human physiology or health sciences.

Q10: Yeast is essential in preparation of bread because it produces:
A. Sugar
B. Hydrogen
C. Oxygen
D. Carbon dioxide

Yeast plays a critical role in bread-making as it generates carbon dioxide through the process of fermentation. This gas forms bubbles in the dough, causing it to rise and become soft and airy. Knowing the function of yeast is fundamental in food science and general science MCQs, especially for questions related to fermentation or baking processes in competitive exams.

Q11: Ripe part of the flower which transforms into fruit is called:
A. Ovule Wall
B. Sepals
C. Ovary
D. Anther

In flowering plants, the ovary is the component of the flower that matures into a fruit after fertilization. It surrounds the ovules, which develop into seeds. Understanding this basic plant reproduction concept is important for biology-related MCQs, especially in exams focusing on botany, general science, or agricultural knowledge.

Q12: Medians of a triangle divide each other in the ratio:
A. 1:1
B. 5:1
C. 2:1
D. 3:1

In any triangle, the medians intersect at a common point known as the centroid. This point divides each median in the ratio 2:1, with the longer part being between the vertex and the centroid. This geometric principle is fundamental for various math MCQs and helps in understanding triangle properties for school and entry test preparations.

Q13: Dengue is transmitted by which type of mosquito:
A. Culex
B. Mayaro
C. Aedes
D. Mansonia

Dengue is a viral disease transmitted primarily by the *Aedes aegypti* mosquito. This mosquito is most active during daylight hours and thrives in stagnant water sources. Recognizing the role of Aedes in spreading dengue is crucial for public health awareness and helps students tackle disease-related MCQs in exams efficiently.

Q14: Kartarpur Corridor connects which Gurdwara to India?
A. Panja Sahib
B. Darbar Sahib
C. Sacha Sauda
D. Rohri Sahib

The Kartarpur Corridor links the Gurdwara Darbar Sahib in Pakistan with the Indian border, allowing Sikh pilgrims visa-free access. This corridor holds significant religious value, as it connects to the final resting place of Guru Nanak Dev Ji. Knowing this link is vital for current affairs and general knowledge sections of exams focused on regional or international relations.

Q15: Which among the following Prime Ministers of Pakistan acquired Gwadar from Oman?
A. Feroz Khan Noon
B. I.I. Chundrigar
C. M. Ali Bogra
D. Muhammad Aslam

Feroz Khan Noon, the seventh Prime Minister of Pakistan, played a vital role in acquiring Gwadar from Oman in 1958. His diplomatic efforts ensured that this strategically significant coastal region became part of Pakistan. For exam preparation, it's important to know such key historical milestones related to territorial development and foreign diplomacy in Pakistan's history.

Q16: Enzyme-rich formations like villi are small finger-like projections in the:
A. Large intestine
B. Stomach
C. Lungs
D. Small intestine

 

Villi are small finger-like projections present in the inner lining of the small intestine, and they are rich in digestive enzymes. These structures significantly increase the surface area for absorption of nutrients during digestion. Their enzyme-rich surface helps in breaking down food particles efficiently. This topic is important in biology and medical entrance exams, so students should remember the role and location of villi for related MCQS

Q17: The pancreatic juice which facilitates digestion is secreted into:
A. Duodenum
B. Lungs
C. Liver
D. Stomach

 

Pancreatic juice plays a crucial role in digestion by breaking down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. It is secreted by the pancreas directly into the duodenum, which is the first part of the small intestine. This section receives bile and pancreatic juice to begin the main phase of digestion. For exam prep, always link pancreatic juice with the duodenum, not the stomach or liver.

Q18: The World Day to Combat Desertification and Drought is a United Nations observance held on:
A. 16 June
B. 17 May
C. 17 June
D. 17 July

 

The World Day to Combat Desertification and Drought is observed every year on 17 June. It was established by the United Nations to raise awareness about international efforts to combat desertification and the effects of drought. This day highlights the importance of sustainable land management. For competitive exams, remembering this specific date is essential as such UN observance questions are frequently asked.

Q19: A standard CD-ROM typically can store up to:
A. 740 mb
B. 680 mb
C. 830 mb
D. 670 mb

 

A standard CD-ROM (Compact Disc Read-Only Memory) typically holds around 740 megabytes of data. This capacity is generally enough to store large files, software, audio, or video content. Although some CDs may vary slightly in capacity, 740 MB is considered the common maximum for regular discs. For exam preparation, always link the term "standard CD-ROM" with this typical data storage size.

Q20: The most severe famine struck Ethiopia in:
A. 1992
B. 1985
C. 1983
D. 1989

The most severe famine in Ethiopia occurred in 1985, causing widespread starvation and drawing global humanitarian attention. Triggered by drought and political instability, it affected millions of lives. This tragic event became a major historical point in global efforts to combat hunger. For exams, remember that 1985 is the key year often asked about in relation to Ethiopia's major famine.

Q21: In order to make Nitrogen accessible to primary producers like plants, in ecosystem it is converted into:
A. Nitrates
B. Nitrites
C. Ammonia
D. Nitric Acid

In ecosystems, nitrogen must be converted into a usable form like nitrates before plants can absorb it through their roots. This process is part of the nitrogen cycle and is mainly carried out by nitrifying bacteria. Nitrates are essential for plant growth as they are a key component of proteins and DNA. For exam preparation, it's important to remember that plants primarily use nitrogen in the form of nitrates.

Q22: Which of the following connects kidneys to bladder?
A. Suprapubic Tube
B. Inferior Vena Cava
C. Ureter
D. None of these

The ureter is a muscular tube that connects each kidney to the urinary bladder, allowing urine to flow from the kidneys to be stored in the bladder. There are two ureters in the human body, one for each kidney. This anatomical connection is essential for proper urinary function. For exams, remember that the ureter—not veins or artificial tubes—transfers urine to the bladder naturally.

Q23: Which illness is caused by the deficiency of Vitamin D?
A. Scurvy
B. Night Blindness
C. Rickets
D. None of these

Rickets is a bone-related disease that occurs due to the deficiency of Vitamin D, especially in children. This vitamin is essential for calcium absorption in the body, and its lack leads to soft, weak bones and skeletal deformities. It is important to associate Vitamin D with bone health while preparing for exams, as questions on vitamin deficiencies are common in general science and biology papers.

Q24: Who among the following was the longest serving presiding officer of Senate?
A. G.I Khan
B. Habibullah Khan
C. Wasim Sajjad
D. Mian Muhammad Khalil

Wasim Sajjad holds the distinction of being the longest serving Chairman of the Senate of Pakistan. He served in this prestigious role from 1988 to 1999, playing a significant role in legislative processes during a critical period of Pakistan's political history. This question is frequently asked in Pakistan affairs and general knowledge exams, so it's vital to remember his name and tenure.

Q25: Pakistan being Alma Ata signatory in 1978 initiated The National Program for Family Planning and Primary Health in:
A. 1982
B. 1983
C. 1994
D. 1977

Pakistan signed the Alma Ata Declaration in 1978, committing to provide "Health for All" through primary health care. As a follow-up, the country launched the National Program for Family Planning and Primary Health in 1983. This program introduced Lady Health Workers (LHWs) to extend basic health services to communities. For exam preparation, link 1983 with the launch of this major public health initiative.

Q26: What is the velocity of sound in air?
A. 1496 km/h
B. 1235 km/h
C. 1292 km/h
D. 1344 km/h

The speed of sound in air at room temperature (around 20°C) is approximately 1235 kilometers per hour. This value can vary slightly depending on temperature, humidity, and altitude. Sound travels slower in air than in liquids or solids. For science exams, it's important to memorize this standard speed for air as it’s often tested in physics-related MCQs.

Q27: Enzymes are essentially made up of:
A. Fats
B. Neutrons
C. Vitamins
D. Proteins

Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in living organisms, and they are primarily composed of proteins. Each enzyme has a specific shape that allows it to act on a particular substrate. Understanding that enzymes are protein-based is crucial for biology and medical exams, as this concept is foundational in cell biology and metabolism topics.

Q28: What is the proportion of water present in our brain?
A. 89%
B. 77%
C. 96%
D. 73%

Approximately 73% of the human brain is made up of water, which is essential for maintaining brain function, temperature regulation, and neural activity. Even slight dehydration can affect brain performance and concentration. This fact is often included in general science and biology questions, so students should memorize this percentage for accurate exam responses.

Q29: Expression for the perimeter of a square =
A. 6 × side
B. 3 + side
C. 4 × side
D. side × 5

The perimeter of a square is found by multiplying one side by 4, as all sides in a square are of equal length. This means the correct formula is 4 × side. Knowing this basic mathematical expression is important for solving geometry problems efficiently. For exam success, students should memorize this formula and understand that it applies only to squares, not rectangles or other shapes.

Q30: The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), referred to as the RIO Summit, was held in:
A. 1988
B. 1993
C. 1992
D. 1995

The RIO Summit, officially called the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), was held in 1992 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It was a landmark global event focusing on sustainable development, environmental protection, and international cooperation. For general knowledge and environmental science exams, it's crucial to remember that the RIO Summit took place in 1992.

Q31: Inflammation of liver is triggered by:
A. Cholera
B. Cancer
C. Typhoid
D. Hepatitis

Hepatitis is a medical condition that causes inflammation of the liver, often due to viral infections like Hepatitis A, B, or C. It can also result from alcohol abuse, toxins, or autoimmune diseases. Recognizing hepatitis as the cause of liver inflammation is important for biology and health-related exams. Students should associate liver-related diseases primarily with hepatitis for accurate answers.

Q32: Max Planck received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1918 for the discovery of:
A. Atomic Constant
B. Energy Quantum
C. Time Constant
D. None of above

Max Planck was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1918 for his groundbreaking discovery of the energy quantum, which laid the foundation for quantum theory. His work revolutionized modern physics by introducing the idea that energy is emitted in discrete packets called quanta. For physics and general science exams, always link Max Planck with the concept of energy quantum.

Q33: Iron and steel structures are deteriorated by:
A. Carbon monoxide
B. Methane
C. Hydro-oxide
D. Sulphur dioxide

Sulphur dioxide (SO₂) contributes to acid rain when combined with water vapor, forming sulfuric acid. This acid reacts with iron and steel, leading to corrosion and structural damage over time. Understanding the impact of environmental pollutants like sulphur dioxide is important for environmental science and chemistry exams. Always connect corrosion of metals with acidic gases like SO₂.

Q34: Parsec is a unit utilized to measure:
A. Force
B. Time
C. Distance
D. None of these

Parsec is an astronomical unit of distance used to measure vast separations between celestial bodies beyond our solar system. One parsec is approximately equal to 3.26 light-years. This unit is commonly used in astrophysics and space science. For exam preparation, remember that parsec strictly measures distance, not force or time.

Q35: Which of the following is the third largest gas field in Pakistan that is administered by PPL?
A. Kandhkot Gas Field
B. Qadirpur Gas Field
C. Sawan Gas Field
D. None of these

A rain gauge is a meteorological instrument specifically designed to measure the amount of rainfall received over a specific time period. It collects and records liquid precipitation, making it a key tool for weather forecasting and climate studies. For exams related to geography and environmental science, it's essential to associate rainfall measurement with the rain gauge.

Q36: Solar eclipse happens when:
A. Earth comes between Sun and Moon
B. Moon comes between Sun and Earth
C. Moon moves behind Earth
D. Earth stops moving

A solar eclipse happens when the Moon positions itself directly between the Sun and Earth, blocking sunlight either partially or completely. This rare alignment results in the Moon casting a shadow on Earth. Such events only occur during the new moon phase. For academic and competitive exams, always connect solar eclipses with the Moon coming between the Sun and Earth.

Q37: Stoma, located in the epidermis of leaves, close when guard cells:
A. Gain water
B. Lose water
C. Discharge water
D. Discharge gas

Stomata are microscopic pores on the surface of leaves, and their opening and closing are regulated by guard cells. When guard cells lose water, they become flaccid, causing the stoma to close. This process helps prevent excessive water loss from the plant during dry conditions. For biology exams, remember that water loss in guard cells leads directly to stomatal closure.

Q38: Who among the following devised bifocal spectacles and the lightning rod?
A. Thomas Madison
B. Galileo
C. Benjamin Franklin
D. J.J Richards

Benjamin Franklin was an influential inventor and scientist who devised the bifocal spectacles to assist people with both near and distant vision. He also invented the lightning rod to protect buildings from lightning strikes, making major contributions to both optics and electricity. For general knowledge and science exams, always associate these two inventions with Franklin's name.

Q39: Mars, companion of Earth, has natural satellites:
A. Four
B. One
C. Two
D. Five

Mars, the fourth planet from the Sun and Earth's close companion in the solar system, has two natural satellites: Phobos and Deimos. These small, irregularly shaped moons were discovered in 1877 and are believed to be captured asteroids. In space science exams, it’s important to remember that Mars has exactly two moons, unlike Earth’s one or Jupiter’s many.

Q40: Paris Climate Agreement was endorsed in
A. 2012
B. 2011
C. 2015
D. 2013

The Paris Climate Agreement was endorsed in 2015 during the United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP21) held in Paris. It is a landmark international treaty aimed at limiting global warming to well below 2°C, with efforts to keep it under 1.5°C. For environmental science and current affairs exams, it is vital to remember that this significant agreement was finalized in 2015.

Q41: When NaHCO₃ is heated, it yields:
A. CaO
B. CaCO₃
C. CO₂
D. None of these

 

When sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃) is heated, it decomposes into sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃), water (H₂O), and carbon dioxide (CO₂). This thermal decomposition reaction is commonly used in baking and laboratory experiments. For chemistry exams, it's important to recognize that heating NaHCO₃ releases CO₂ as a gas.

Q42: How many nations are there in Asia?
A. 48
B. 41
C. 51
D. 43

Asia, the largest and most populous continent, is made up of 48 recognized nations. These include major countries like China, India, Japan, and Saudi Arabia, as well as smaller nations like Bhutan and Maldives. For geography and general knowledge exams, it's essential to remember that Asia officially comprises 48 countries.

Q43: Muhammad ibn Zakaria Al-Razi was a renowned physician, alchemist and philosopher originating from:
A. Iran
B. Morocco
C. Indonesia
D. Sudan

Muhammad ibn Zakaria Al-Razi, known in the West as Rhazes, was a celebrated scholar from Iran. He made major contributions in medicine, chemistry, and philosophy during the Islamic Golden Age. He is especially known for his works on smallpox and measles. For history and Islamic science MCQs, remember that Al-Razi was of Persian origin, from what is now modern-day Iran.

Q44: Who among the following identified the sunspots?
A. Johannes Kepler
B. Einstein
C. Bill Gates
D. Galileo

Galileo Galilei was the first to systematically observe and identify sunspots using a telescope in the early 17th century. His observations challenged the belief that the heavens were perfect and unchanging. For astronomy and science-related MCQs, it's important to associate the discovery of sunspots with Galileo’s pioneering work in telescopic astronomy.

Q45: Asabiyyah, a concept of social solidarity with an emphasis on unity, was proposed by:
A. Jarir Al Tabari
B. Al Farabi
C. ibn e Muzwan
D. Ibn e Khaldun

Ibn e Khaldun, a renowned Arab historian and philosopher, introduced the concept of Asabiyyah in his famous work Muqaddimah. It refers to group solidarity and social cohesion, which he believed was the driving force behind the rise and fall of civilizations. For Islamic history and philosophy exams, it's essential to connect Asabiyyah with Ibn e Khaldun and his sociological theories.

Q46: World Food Program, an organization of the United Nations, was established at the request of:
A. Kissinger
B. U Thant
C. Dwight Eisenhower
D. Jess Finger

The World Food Program (WFP) was established in 1961 at the request of U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower. It is the world’s largest humanitarian organization addressing hunger and promoting food security globally. For international organizations and current affairs exams, students should remember that WFP was initiated under Eisenhower’s leadership as a response to global food crises.

Q47: Al-Qanun fi at-tib is a compendium of medicine in five volumes authored by:
A. Ibn e Hazm
B. Avicenna
C. Jarir Al Tabari
D. Al Mozhan

Al-Qanun fi at-tib (The Canon of Medicine) is one of the most influential medical texts in history, written by the Persian scholar Avicenna (Ibn Sina). It served as a standard medical reference in both the Islamic world and Europe for centuries. This MCQ is important for exams focusing on Islamic Golden Age contributions to science and medicine, especially for recognizing major medical works and their authors.

Q48: Crude oil is heated in the furnace up to:
A. 200°C
B. 250°C
C. 400°C
D. 450°C

In the fractional distillation process of crude oil, it is initially heated in a furnace to around 400°C. At this temperature, the crude oil vaporizes and enters a fractionating column where different hydrocarbons are separated based on their boiling points. This step is essential for refining various petroleum products like diesel, petrol, and kerosene. Knowing this temperature is crucial for students preparing for competitive exams in chemistry or general science.

Q49: A horse moves around a ground twice and covers a distance of 8 km. One side of square ground is:
A. 7 km
B. 1 km
C. 3 km
D. 2 km

When a horse completes two rounds of a square ground and covers 8 km, it means one round equals 4 km. Since the perimeter of a square is 4 × side, the side of the ground becomes 4 km ÷ 4 = 1 km. This basic math question helps students understand how to derive side length from perimeter, which is a key concept in geometry used frequently in exams and real-life measurements.

Q50: In which nation does the Batura Glacier lie?
A. Bangladesh
B. India
C. Indonesia
D. Pakistan

Batura Glacier is one of the largest and most scenic glaciers located in the upper Hunza region of Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. It stretches around 57 kilometers and lies in the Karakoram mountain range. This glacier plays a significant role in Pakistan’s natural landscape and water resources. Students preparing for geography or general knowledge exams should remember the location and geographical importance of major glaciers like Batura for better performance.

Q51: Which municipality was hit by the earthquake of 1935?
A. Multan
B. Muzaffarabad
C. Jamshoro
D. Quetta

The devastating earthquake of 1935 struck Quetta on May 31st, causing massive destruction and claiming tens of thousands of lives. It is considered one of the deadliest earthquakes in South Asia. This tragic event significantly impacted urban planning and emergency response measures in the region. For competitive exams, it’s crucial to remember key historical disasters and their affected regions, as such questions are frequently asked.

Q52: Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum is associated with the synthesis and storage of
A. Polysaccharides
B. Proteins
C. Lipids
D. DNA

The Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) plays a vital role in the production and storage of lipids, including phospholipids and cholesterol, which are essential for cell membrane formation. Unlike the Rough ER, it lacks ribosomes and is also involved in detoxification processes, especially in liver cells. Understanding the function of SER is crucial for biology-related competitive exams, as it frequently appears in questions about cellular structures and their roles.

Q53: According to a report released by IMF, Pakistan has been ranked __ in the world among countries encountering acute water shortage.
A. 2nd
B. 3rd
C. 6th
D. 7th

As per a report issued by the International Monetary Fund (IMF), Pakistan is ranked 3rd globally among nations facing severe water scarcity. This alarming position highlights the urgent need for sustainable water management and conservation strategies. Water crisis in Pakistan is primarily due to rapid population growth, poor infrastructure, and climate change. For exams, understanding global environmental rankings helps students evaluate the challenges Pakistan faces and possible solutions.

Q54: Which term signifies a solution to an equation that makes it appear valid, but the method of solving the equation does not yield a legitimate solution?
A. Extraneous
B. Homogenous
C. Homogenization
D. Heterogeneous

An extraneous solution is a value that emerges during the solving process of an equation but does not actually satisfy the original equation. These often occur when dealing with rational or radical equations and result from steps like squaring both sides. In exam scenarios, always verify your final answer by substituting it back into the original equation to ensure it's not extraneous. This concept is key for accurate mathematical reasoning and problem-solving.

Q55: When a triangle possesses two congruent sides, it is referred to as __ triangle.
A. Iso Scale
B. Equilateral
C. Isosceles
D. None of these

An isosceles triangle is a triangle in which two sides are of equal length, and the angles opposite those sides are also equal. This property is often tested in geometry sections of competitive exams. Understanding the basic classifications of triangles—scalene, isosceles, and equilateral—helps in identifying their properties and applying geometric theorems effectively during problem solving.

Q56: How many subsets does an empty set contain?
A. 3
B. 1
C. 4
D. 9

An empty set, also called a null set, has exactly one subset—which is the empty set itself. This is a fundamental concept in set theory. The number of subsets of any set is given by 2n, where n is the number of elements. Since an empty set has 0 elements, 20 = 1. Understanding this rule is important for solving more complex questions on sets and logic in exams.

Q57: Which of the following is referred to as the Poet of Beauty?
A. William Wordsworth
B. John Keats
C. Rudyard Kipling
D. Richard Illingworth

John Keats is widely referred to as the Poet of Beauty because of his vivid, sensuous imagery and deep admiration for nature, art, and the aesthetic experience. His poems such as “Ode to a Nightingale” and “Ode on a Grecian Urn” reflect a deep appreciation for the beauty in life and art. Keats’s work is a major part of English Romantic poetry and often appears in competitive exam syllabi and literary assessments.

Q58: Mechanical stopwatch can record a time interval up to a minimum of __ seconds
A. 0.04
B. 0.1
C. 0.02
D. 0.3

A mechanical stopwatch typically records time intervals as small as 0.1 seconds. These devices are commonly used in sports, labs, and physics experiments where exact time measurement is necessary. Unlike digital stopwatches, mechanical versions rely on gears and springs, offering a reasonable level of precision suitable for basic timing tasks. Understanding this helps in physics MCQs involving measurements and instrumentation.

Q59: Amnesty International is a global non-governmental organization for Human Rights. It was established in:
A. 1959
B. 1961
C. 1965
D. 1966

Amnesty International was established in 1961 with the aim of protecting human rights and ensuring justice, freedom, and equality worldwide. It was founded by Peter Benenson, a British lawyer, in response to cases of unjust imprisonment. The organization conducts campaigns, investigations, and advocacy for individuals whose rights are under threat. Knowing its founding year helps in understanding global efforts towards human rights reform and international activism.

Q60: The number of components in the power set of {1,2,3} is:
A. 4
B. 3
C. 2
D. 8

The power set of a set is the collection of all possible subsets, including the empty set and the set itself. If a set has n elements, then its power set contains 2ⁿ elements. For the set {1, 2, 3}, which has 3 elements, the power set has 2³ = 8 elements. This concept is a fundamental topic in set theory and often appears in exams related to basic mathematics and logic.

Q61: Which planet has the minimum density in the Solar System?
A. Earth
B. Mars
C. Neptune
D. Saturn

Saturn possesses the minimum density among all the planets in our Solar System. Its average density is so low that it would float in water if a large enough body of water existed. This is due to its gaseous composition, primarily made of hydrogen and helium. Knowing planetary densities helps students understand the internal structure and composition of planets, which is important for space science and competitive exams.

Q62: ‘King of Pop’: Michael Jackson was an American vocalist, songwriter and dancer. He died in:
A. June 2007
B. June 2011
C. June 2009
D. June 2013

Michael Jackson, widely regarded as the "King of Pop", passed away in June 2009. He was a globally influential vocalist known for his groundbreaking music videos and record-breaking albums. His sudden death at the age of 50 shocked fans worldwide and became a major moment in music history. Questions like these are commonly asked in general knowledge and current affairs sections, so remembering dates and figures is crucial for competitive exam preparation.

Q63: When in ICC Champions Trophy did Pakistan overcome India?
A. 18 June
B. 25 June
C. 28 June
D. 18 June

Pakistan defeated India in the final of the ICC Champions Trophy on 18 June 2017. This iconic match took place at The Oval in London, where Pakistan won by 180 runs, marking one of their most historic victories in cricket. This event is frequently referenced in sports-related MCQs, especially in exams focusing on current affairs or international sports achievements.

Q64: A __ is a depiction of a frequency distribution by means of rectangles whose widths represent class intervals and areas are proportional to the corresponding frequencies
A. Pictograph
B. Histogram
C. Bar Chart
D. None of these

A histogram is a graphical method used to display a frequency distribution, where rectangles (bars) represent class intervals and their areas correspond to the frequencies. It is mainly used in statistics to show the distribution of continuous data. Unlike bar charts, the bars in histograms touch each other, indicating that the data is continuous. Understanding histograms is essential for interpreting data patterns, especially in exams involving data handling or basic statistics.

Q65: Which among the following characterizes the event of Supernova?
A. Expanding Black Hole
B. Moving Asteroid
C. Exploding Star
D. Shinning Comet

A supernova is defined as the explosive death of a star, releasing a massive amount of energy and light. It marks the end of a massive star's lifecycle and often leads to the formation of neutron stars or black holes. Supernovae play a crucial role in distributing heavy elements across the universe. This concept is important for space science MCQs and helps in understanding stellar evolution in academic exams.

Q66: The __ is equivalent to the sum of all the values in the data divided by the number of values in the data
A. Mode
B. Median
C. Geometric Mean
D. Mean

The mean is a measure of central tendency calculated by dividing the total sum of values by the number of observations. It gives an average value that represents the entire dataset. Knowing how to compute and interpret the mean is essential for statistics-based questions in competitive exams, as it helps summarize and analyze data effectively.

Q67: Chip Monics are configured by plugging them into:
A. ROM Programmer
B. PROM Programmer
C. Chip Kits
D. RAM Burners

Chip Monics, also known as programmable chips, are configured using a PROM (Programmable Read-Only Memory) programmer. This device allows users to permanently write data onto the chip. Such questions are important for understanding hardware-level concepts in computer science exams. Remembering which programmer is used for which memory type helps in scoring well in hardware and electronics-related MCQs.

Q68: Which of the following is observed as International Mother Language Day?
A. 20 April
B. 22 May
C. 21 February
D. 23 March

International Mother Language Day is observed every year on 21 February to promote linguistic and cultural diversity. This date commemorates the 1952 protest in Bangladesh (then East Pakistan), where students sacrificed their lives for the recognition of their mother tongue, Bengali. This MCQ is frequently asked in general awareness sections, especially in exams focused on international observances and historical events.

Q69: Which rivers do the Sindh Sagar Doab reside between?
A. Chenab and Ravi
B. Indus and Chenab
C. Jhelum and Ravi
D. Indus and Sutlej

The Sindh Sagar Doab is the land area located between the Indus and Chenab rivers. In Punjab’s geography, a "doab" refers to the tract of land between two rivers. Sindh Sagar is one of the five major doabs and plays an important role in agriculture and hydrology. This type of MCQ is common in geography and general knowledge sections, so knowing the names and locations of doabs is essential for exam preparation.

Q70: Which among the provided options is the capital of Kazakhstan?
A. Tashkent
B. Astana
C. Dushanbe
D. None of these

Astana is the capital city of Kazakhstan and serves as its political and administrative center. It was previously renamed Nur-Sultan but has since reverted to its original name. Tashkent is the capital of Uzbekistan, while Dushanbe is the capital of Tajikistan. Learning world capitals is essential for general knowledge and current affairs sections in exams, as such questions are frequently repeated.

Q71: Who is the current Chief of Air Staff?
A. Zafar Mahmood
B. Mujahid Anwar
C. Tahir Rafiq Butt
D. Sohail Amar

Air Chief Marshal Mujahid Anwar Khan assumed the role as Chief of Air Staff on 19 March 2018 and served until 19 March 2021. Although he is listed here, the actual current incumbent is Air Chief Marshal Zaheer Ahmad Babar Sidhu, who took office on 19 March 2021 and received extensions to his tenure through March 2026. However, since Sidhu is not among the listed options, option B (Mujahid Anwar) is the most accurate of those given for earlier periods in preparation-focused MCQs.

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Q72: Attock Fort was constructed during the reign of which Mughal Emperor?
A. Akbar
B. Humayun
C. Aurangzeb
D. Jahangir

Attock Fort was constructed during the reign of Emperor Akbar in 1581 as a strategic military post to guard the route to Kabul and to secure the northwestern frontier of the Mughal Empire. The fort holds historical and military importance in Mughal architecture and defense planning. Such historical MCQs are commonly asked in competitive exams, so knowing the timelines and rulers is important for scoring well.

Q73: Air Chief Marshal Zaheer Ahmad Babar Sidhu is the current (as of 2021) Chief of Air Staff. Whom did he replace?
A. Zafar Mahmood
B. Mujahid Anwar
C. Tahir Rafiq Butt
D. Sohail Khan

Air Chief Marshal Zaheer Ahmad Babar Sidhu assumed office as the Chief of Air Staff on 19 March 2021. He succeeded Air Chief Marshal Mujahid Anwar Khan, who served in the position from March 2018 to March 2021. Questions about military leadership are commonly featured in general knowledge and current affairs sections of exams, so it is important to remember such key appointments and transitions.

Q74: SCO, Shanghai Cooperation Organization was founded in:
A. 2001
B. 1997
C. 2005
D. 1988

The Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) was founded in 2001 to enhance mutual trust, security cooperation, and economic ties among member states, primarily in the Eurasian region. Its founding members include China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan. This topic is frequently asked in international relations and current affairs portions of competitive exams, making it important for candidates to remember the correct founding year.

Q75: Which of the following Vitamin comprises traces of Selenium?
A. Vitamin W
B. Vitamin E
C. Vitamin K
D. Vitamin C

Vitamin E comprises traces of selenium, and both nutrients work synergistically as antioxidants to protect cells from oxidative stress. Selenium enhances the effectiveness of Vitamin E, especially in supporting immune function and reducing inflammation. This information is useful for biology and health-related MCQs in competitive exams, particularly those focused on nutrition and human physiology.

Q76: Katas Raj Temples are esteemed Hindu temples in Pakistan. In which district do the temples reside?
A. Jhelum
B. Chakwal
C. Mianwali
D. Mandi Baha ul Din

Katas Raj Temples are a cluster of historic Hindu temples located in the Chakwal district of Punjab, Pakistan. These temples are significant for their religious, cultural, and architectural value and are associated with Lord Shiva. Questions related to heritage sites often appear in general knowledge exams, so knowing their exact location helps in solving such MCQs accurately.

Q77: Taj Mahal was built by Shah Jahan to honor his wife Mumtaz Mahal. Its construction commenced in:
A. 1650
B. 1632
C. 1604
D. 1645

The construction of the Taj Mahal, one of the most iconic monuments in the world, commenced in 1632 by the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his beloved wife Mumtaz Mahal. Located in Agra, India, it took around 22 years to complete and stands as a symbol of love and architectural brilliance. Questions about historical monuments are frequently asked in general knowledge and history exams, making it important to remember key dates and facts.

Q78: Jinnah, Pakistan and Islamic Identity: The Search for Saladin is a book grounded in conversations and interviews of those who were close to Jinnah. Who authored this book?
A. Stanley Wolpert
B. Hector Bolitho
C. Akbar S. Ahmad
D. Lord Stacte

*Jinnah, Pakistan and Islamic Identity: The Search for Saladin* was authored by Akbar S. Ahmad, a renowned Pakistani scholar, diplomat, and writer. The book provides an insightful exploration of Jinnah’s life and vision through interviews with individuals who personally knew him. It’s frequently cited in questions related to Pakistan Studies and political history, making it essential reading for candidates preparing for academic and competitive exams.

Q79: What is the span of Karakoram Highway?
A. 510 miles
B. 810 miles
C. 310 miles
D. 210 miles

The Karakoram Highway spans approximately 810 miles (about 1,300 kilometers), connecting Pakistan with China through the Khunjerab Pass. It is one of the highest paved international roads in the world and holds great strategic and economic importance. This question often appears in geography and current affairs sections, especially when covering Pakistan-China relations and regional connectivity projects like CPEC.

Q80: Who among the following was the second-last viceroy of British India?
A. Lord Mountbatten
B. Lord Wavell
C. Lord Linlithgow
D. Lord Milton

Lord Wavell served as the second-last (penultimate) viceroy of British India from 1943 to 1947, before being succeeded by Lord Mountbatten. His tenure witnessed key political developments including the Quit India Movement aftermath and early discussions around Partition. This type of historical MCQ is crucial for exams that focus on the British colonial period in the Indian subcontinent.

Q81: Nawab Malik Amir Mohammad Khan, who was also referred to as Nawab of Kalabagh, was governor of West Pakistan in 1960. He was from:
A. Bahawalpur
B. Mianwali
C. Mirpur Khas
D. Kandhkot

Nawab Malik Amir Mohammad Khan, widely recognized as the Nawab of Kalabagh, belonged to Mianwali. He served as the Governor of West Pakistan from 1960 to 1966 during Ayub Khan's regime. Known for his strong administrative control and influence in Punjab, he played a notable role in the political history of Pakistan. Questions about regional political figures are common in history and Pakistan Studies MCQs, making such facts important for exam success.

Q82: Who was the first governor general of the State Bank of Pakistan?
A. Zahid Hussain
B. Abdul Qadir
C. S. A. Hasnie
D. Mubashir Ahmad

Zahid Hussain was the first governor of the State Bank of Pakistan, appointed when the bank was established on 1st July 1948. He played a key role in setting up Pakistan’s central banking system after independence. This fact is often tested in economics and Pakistan Studies sections of exams, so it’s important to remember his name as part of foundational financial history.

Q83: The General Assembly and the Security Council appoint the judges of the International Court of Justice for the period of 9 years. The ICJ is comprised of __ judges.
A. 05
B. 15
C. 25
D. 45

The International Court of Justice (ICJ) consists of 15 judges who are elected for a 9-year term by the United Nations General Assembly and Security Council. These judges represent the principal legal systems of the world and ensure impartiality in international legal disputes. This number is fixed and helps maintain a balanced representation across various legal traditions, making it an essential point for international relations and law exams.

Q84: Kirthar Range is a mountain range in Pakistan stretching about 190 miles. In which province of Pakistan does the range’s largest portion reside?
A. Sindh
B. Balochistan
C. Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
D. Gilgit

The Kirthar Range extends through southeastern Balochistan and southwestern Sindh, but the major portion of this mountain range lies in the Sindh province. It serves as a natural boundary between the two provinces and is known for its rugged terrain and scenic landscapes. Understanding its location is important for geography-related MCQs in competitive exams focusing on Pakistan’s physical features.

Q85: When was Balochistan granted the status of province?
A. 1972
B. 1970
C. 1975
D. 1968

Balochistan was officially granted the status of a full province in 1970, following the dissolution of the One Unit policy in West Pakistan. This administrative restructuring allowed Balochistan to function with its own provincial government and representation. For students preparing for exams, remembering this historical milestone is important for understanding Pakistan's federal structure and regional history.