Research Associate (BS-17)-Deputy Secretary/ Deputy Controller Of Examination (BS-18) 

Malala Yousafzai became the youngest Nobel Prize Laureate at the age of 17 when she received the Nobel Peace Prize in 2014. She was honored for her struggle against the suppression of children and young people and for the right to education. This fact is frequently asked in competitive exams, so remembering her name and age is important for current affairs and general knowledge preparation.

In Excel, a Data Series refers to a collection of related data points that are plotted in a chart. These can be numbers or values from rows or columns that represent trends over time or categories. Understanding this concept helps students answer chart-related questions in computer exams and interpret graphs effectively in Excel-based tasks.

China is the **largest emitter of carbon dioxide**, accounting for approximately 31% of global CO₂ emissions in 2023, which amounts to roughly 11.9 billion metric tons—far exceeding any other country :contentReference[oaicite:1]{index=1}. China’s emissions are driven largely by coal-based energy, extensive industrial manufacturing, and a vast population. Understanding this helps students address questions on climate change, energy policy, and global environmental responsibility

The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) was founded by Henry Dunant in 1863. He initiated the idea after witnessing the horrors of war and promoted the concept of neutral humanitarian aid for wounded soldiers. This fact is commonly asked in general knowledge and current affairs exams. Remembering Henry Dunant’s name is important for questions related to international organizations and humanitarian efforts.

co-founded Microsoft Corporation in 1975 along with Paul Allen. Microsoft became one of the most influential tech companies in the world, known for its Windows operating system and Office software. This is a frequent question in computer awareness and IT-related exams, so it’s important to remember the correct founder for scoring well in competitive papers.

The word

means something that blocks or delays progress, and its closest synonym is

. This type of vocabulary question is common in English language exams, where understanding word meanings through context is key. Learning synonyms like this helps improve comprehension, essay writing, and verbal reasoning performance in competitive tests.

The correct phrase is

, because the sentence is in the past tense ("last night"). “Had to” is used to express necessity in the past, and the verb that follows remains in its base form. This grammar structure is essential for sentence correction and tense-based questions in English exams, so it's important to practice such patterns carefully.

Pressing Ctrl + Right arrow in most text editors like MS Word moves the cursor one word to the right. This shortcut is useful for quickly navigating through text without using the mouse. It is frequently asked in computer basics and typing efficiency sections of exams, so knowing these shortcuts helps improve both speed and accuracy in document handling.

The

is a salt marsh located between the Sindh province of Pakistan and the Gujarat state of India. It is known for its seasonal salt flats and cultural events like the Rann Utsav. This geographical region is important in both environmental and political contexts, making it a frequent topic in general knowledge and geography-related exams.

The University of the Punjab, located in Lahore, is the most ancient and first public university in Punjab, founded in 1882 during British rule. It has played a major role in the educational development of the region. This fact is often tested in general knowledge and academic history sections, so remembering its name and location is key for competitive exam success.

The difference between the amounts over one year is Rs. 854 − Rs. 815 = Rs. 39, which is the simple interest for 1 year. So, the interest for 3 years is Rs. 39 × 3 = Rs. 117. Subtracting this from Rs. 815 gives the principal: Rs. 815 − Rs. 117 = Rs. 698. This is a common type of question in quantitative aptitude exams, where understanding simple interest formulas is essential for scoring well.

, meaning "Heavenly Palace," is a Chinese

developed by the China National Space Administration (CNSA). It plays a key role in China's growing presence in space exploration and technology. This topic is important in current affairs and science-related exams, especially when questions involve international space programs or advancements in space technology.

To simplify the expression

, we factor out the common term, which is

. This gives: 12xy(x + y). Factoring is a key algebra skill tested in mathematics exams, and knowing how to extract common factors helps in solving more complex equations quickly and accurately.

The correct identity for

is

. This formula is a standard part of algebra and is often tested in exams involving identities and factorization. Memorizing these identities helps solve polynomial equations and simplifies expressions quickly during competitive tests.

In this question, the fixed and salary expenses are calculated monthly. To find the total annual cost, multiply the entire monthly cost by 12. The fixed cost is $3,000 and the salary cost is $2,500 for each of the x employees, so the correct formula is

. This type of algebraic application is important in business math and helps students understand how to model real-world financial problems using equations.

7.5 million means 7.5 multiplied by 1,000,000, which equals 7,500,000. Writing numbers in standard form is a basic yet essential skill in mathematics and general aptitude exams. Questions like this are commonly asked to test a student’s understanding of place value and number conversions.

At the time of independence in 1947, Pakistan inherited only a small portion of the industrial base from British India—less than 7% of the total industry. The young nation had just 34 factories and most of them were small-scale units. Large-scale manufacturing was virtually non-existent, making industrial development a major early challenge. Remembering that Pakistan’s initial share was under 7% is essential for history and economic development questions in general knowledge exams.

Total age of 20 students = 20 × 12 = 240 years. When the teacher is included, total individuals = 21 and average becomes 13. So, total age = 21 × 13 = 273 years. Now, teacher’s age = 273 – 240 =

. This type of question is common in quantitative aptitude exams. Understanding average formulas and how to apply them in practical scenarios is key to solving such problems quickly and accurately.

Dina Wadia was the daughter of Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah, born in 1919. Although she lived abroad, her identity remains an important part of Jinnah’s personal history. This question is frequently asked in Pakistan Studies and history-based exams. Knowing key facts about national figures and their families helps in scoring well on biographical MCQs.

The average life expectancy of red blood cells (RBCs) in the human body is around 120 days. After this period, they are typically removed by the spleen. RBCs play a vital role in transporting oxygen throughout the body, and their lifespan is crucial for maintaining healthy blood function. This concept is commonly tested in biology and medical entrance exams.

The partition of Bengal was formally announced by the British Indian administration in 1905 under Lord Curzon's viceroyalty. The reason given was administrative convenience due to Bengal's large size, but it was widely seen as a divide-and-rule policy targeting Hindu-Muslim unity. This decision led to strong nationalist opposition and the launch of the Swadeshi Movement. Understanding this event helps students grasp the early roots of anti-colonial resistance in India, which is often asked in history-related exams.

At the time of independence in 1947, Pakistan inherited less than 7% of the total industrial base of British India. Most industries were located in areas that became part of India, while Pakistan had a primarily agrarian economy with limited manufacturing units. This industrial gap posed major challenges to Pakistan's economic development in the early years. Knowing this fact helps in understanding the economic struggles faced by the newly-formed country, a topic that is often tested in Pakistan Studies exams.

“From Purdah to Parliament” is an autobiographical book written by Shaista Suhrawardy Ikramullah, a prominent Pakistani diplomat, politician, and author. She was one of the first Muslim women to play an active role in Pakistan’s politics and international representation. This book narrates her personal journey and the challenges faced by women in a male-dominated society. This MCQ is useful for exams focusing on Pakistan's political history and the role of women in the independence movement.

“From Purdah to Parliament” was penned by Shaista Suhrawardy Ikramullah, a trailblazing figure in Pakistan’s early political landscape. She was one of the first Muslim women to enter politics and diplomacy, and her book highlights her personal journey from traditional seclusion to national prominence. This work provides valuable insight into women’s empowerment in South Asia, making it a frequent reference in Pakistan Studies and gender-related topics in competitive exams.

The average age of 20 students is 12 years, so their total age is 20 × 12 = 240 years. When the teacher is included, there are 21 individuals and the new average becomes 13 years. The total age now is 21 × 13 = 273 years. The teacher’s age is 273 − 240 = 33 years. This type of question is commonly seen in aptitude tests and exams, and mastering average-related problems improves your problem-solving speed and accuracy.

Pervez Musharraf imposed martial law in Pakistan on 12 October 1999 after overthrowing the civilian government of Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif. This marked the fourth military intervention in the country’s political history. The event significantly impacted Pakistan's democratic process and constitutional framework. Knowing this date is crucial for students preparing for competitive exams related to Pakistan’s political and constitutional history.

This sentence is an example of a second conditional, used to talk about hypothetical situations in the present or future. Since the condition “If I had money” is unreal or imaginary, the correct structure is “would + base verb,” making “would purchase” the right answer. Mastering conditional sentences is essential for English grammar exams and improves clarity in both spoken and written communication.

An interjection is a word or expression that conveys strong emotion or sudden feeling. “Wow!” is a classic example, often used to show surprise or excitement. Unlike adverbs, pronouns, or adjectives, interjections stand alone and are not grammatically connected to other parts of the sentence. Recognizing interjections is useful for grammar-based exams and helps in understanding sentence tone and expression.

The Soviet Union was officially established in 1922 and remained a major global power until its dissolution in 1991. It played a central role in world affairs during the 20th century, especially during the Cold War era. Understanding these dates is important for students preparing for history or current affairs sections of competitive exams, as questions about major world events and geopolitical changes are frequently asked.

Sikandar Mirza became the first President of Pakistan in 1956 when the country transitioned from a dominion under the British Crown to a republic. Before becoming president, he served as the last Governor-General of Pakistan. This fact is vital for Pakistan Studies and general knowledge exams, as it marks a significant shift in the nation’s constitutional and political history.

The correct prepositions are “out of” and “into” because they indicate movement from one place to another. “Exiting out of the hall” shows leaving a location, while “jumped into the swimming pool” shows motion toward the inside of something. Preposition usage is a common topic in English grammar exams, and knowing the right combinations helps in sentence clarity and correctness.

Haider Ali made history for Pakistan by winning the country’s first-ever gold medal at the Paralympic Games during Tokyo 2020 (held in 2021). He threw 55.26 m in the men’s F‑37 discus throw category, securing the top podium finish and becoming the first Pakistani to win gold at these Games :contentReference[oaicite:4]{index=4}. :contentReference[oaicite:5]{index=5} :contentReference[oaicite:6]{index=6}. This achievement is significant for Pakistan Studies and sports history, highlighting the importance of inclusion in para-sports and inspiring future athletes.

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Words like “children” are known as irregular or exceptional plurals because they do not follow the standard rule of adding “-s” or “-es” to form the plural. Instead, they change form entirely, such as “man” to “men” or “child” to “children.” These exceptions are important to learn for grammar exams and language proficiency tests, as they are commonly tested and essential for correct sentence formation.

The Shimla Agreement was signed between Pakistan and India on 2nd July 1972 following the 1971 war, which led to the creation of Bangladesh. The agreement was aimed at promoting peaceful relations and resolving issues through bilateral dialogue. It is a key document in the diplomatic history of South Asia and is often mentioned in international relations and current affairs exams related to Pakistan and India.

“A decent black shirt” is a noun phrase because it centers around the noun “shirt,” which is being described by the adjectives “decent” and “black,” along with the article “a.” Noun phrases act as subjects or objects in a sentence and are frequently tested in grammar and language structure exams. Identifying them helps improve sentence analysis and writing clarity.

The 2028 Summer Olympics are scheduled to take place in Los Angeles, United States, from July 14 to July 30, 2028. This will mark the third time that Los Angeles has hosted the Games, following its appearances in 1932 and 1984 — making it one of only three cities worldwide to host the Olympics three times, alongside London and Paris :contentReference[oaicite:2]{index=2}. Students studying modern world events or international relations often encounter questions on Olympic host cities, and knowing Los Angeles as the 2028 venue can help ensure accurate answers in exams.

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Mobile phones transmit and receive messages through radio waves, which are a type of electromagnetic wave. These waves carry data over short and long distances, allowing for wireless communication. Understanding this is important for science and general knowledge exams, as radio wave technology forms the basis of modern communication systems like mobile networks, Wi-Fi, and Bluetooth.

The correct preposition is “in,” making the phrase “The sun rises in the east.” This is a standard expression describing the direction from which the sun appears each morning. Such prepositional phrases are commonly tested in English grammar exams, and mastering them improves sentence accuracy and everyday communication.

Muslim rule in Spain was established by Ameer Abdul Rehman I (also known as Abd al-Rahman I) in 756 AD after fleeing the Abbasid revolution. He founded the Umayyad Emirate in Córdoba, marking the beginning of centuries of Islamic influence in the Iberian Peninsula. This topic is important for Islamic history and general knowledge exams, especially those covering Muslim contributions to European civilization.

Indians first gained representation in the Viceroy’s Executive Council through the Indian Councils Act of 1909, also known as the Morley-Minto Reforms. This marked a significant step in the gradual political inclusion of Indians under British rule. One of the key outcomes was the appointment of Satyendra Prasanna Sinha as the first Indian member. This fact is frequently tested in history and Pakistan Studies exams focused on colonial legislative developments.

The phrase “Facebook diplomacy” first emerged around late 2008, originally mentioned in informal settings and then discussed formally at a New York conference in December 2008 by U.S. Undersecretary of Public Diplomacy James Glassman. He highlighted how Facebook groups and online activism could influence global awareness and counter terrorism efforts :contentReference[oaicite:1]{index=1}. This understanding is essential for students of international relations and modern public diplomacy topics, especially when discussing the impact of social media on statecraft.

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An interjection can stand alone as a complete sentence because it expresses a sudden emotion or reaction, such as “Wow!”, “Oh!”, or “Oops!”. These do not require a subject or verb to convey meaning. This concept is frequently tested in grammar and language exams, helping students understand sentence components and expressive writing.

The Hadith school of Kufa was founded by Hazrat Abdullah Bin Masood (RA), one of the most knowledgeable companions of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). He was sent to Kufa by Caliph Umar (RA) to teach Islamic knowledge, and his teachings laid the foundation for a major center of Hadith and Fiqh. This information is crucial for Islamic Studies exams, especially those focusing on the development of early Islamic scholarship.</p

The Kartarpur Corridor was officially inaugurated on the 550th birth anniversary of Guru Nanak in November 2019. This historic step allowed Indian Sikh pilgrims visa-free access to the Gurdwara Darbar Sahib in Pakistan. It was a significant gesture of religious harmony and regional cooperation. This fact is often included in current affairs and Pakistan-India relations topics in competitive exams.

Talha Talib remarkably secured the fifth position in the men’s 67 kg weightlifting event at Tokyo 2020 by lifting a total of 320 kg (150 kg in snatch and 170 kg in clean & jerk) :contentReference[oaicite:3]{index=3}. :contentReference[oaicite:4]{index=4} :contentReference[oaicite:5]{index=5}. This achievement is pivotal for understanding Pakistan’s presence in global sports events and is commonly referenced in sports-related questions in exams.

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Talha Talib, competing in the men’s 67 kg category at the Tokyo 2020 Olympics, lifted a total of 320 kg (150 kg in snatch and 170 kg in clean & jerk), which placed him fifth overall. He narrowly missed the bronze by just 2 kg, becoming the first Pakistani weightlifter in decades to finish in the top five at the Games :contentReference[oaicite:3]{index=3}. This remarkable achievement is significant in Pakistan’s sports history and is frequently featured in general knowledge and sports-related exam questions.

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Navjot Singh Sidhu, the former Indian cricketer turned politician and then Tourism Minister of Punjab, is widely credited with significantly advancing the Kartarpur Corridor initiative. During his visit to Pakistan in August 2018 for the swearing‑in of Prime Minister Imran Khan, he received confirmation from Pakistan Army Chief Gen Qamar Javed Bajwa that the corridor would be opened before Guru Nanak’s 550th birth anniversary. His efforts were later acknowledged on official Pakistani platforms and by Sikh organisations as a key catalyst for the project :contentReference[oaicite:3]{index=3}.

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The Quran was first translated into the Sindhi language in the region that is now Pakistan. This translation occurred during the early Islamic period when Islam entered Sindh under Muhammad bin Qasim. The purpose was to make the Quran understandable for the local population. This fact is essential for Islamic Studies and Pakistan Studies exams, especially when studying the spread of Islam and its early cultural integration in South Asia.

The Earth's atmosphere plays a major role in reflecting and absorbing the sun’s radiation. Various components of the atmosphere, including clouds, gases, and dust particles, help regulate how much solar energy reaches the Earth’s surface. This concept is commonly asked in environmental science and geography exams, making it essential for understanding climate regulation and energy balance.

Hungary remained under the dominion of the Ottoman Empire for nearly 150 years, from 1541 to 1699. This period began after the defeat of the Hungarian forces at the Battle of Mohács in 1526 and was solidified with the fall of Buda. The rule ended with the Treaty of Karlowitz. This historical phase is important for understanding Ottoman influence in Europe and often appears in world history and Islamic history exams.

Princess Reema bint Bandar Al Saud was appointed as Saudi Arabia’s first-ever woman ambassador to the U.S., assuming her post on February 23, 2019. She presented her credentials to President Trump on July 8, 2019, marking a historic milestone in Saudi diplomacy and women’s representation in the Kingdom’s foreign service :contentReference[oaicite:4]{index=4}. Her appointment reflected broader social reforms and is frequently mentioned in exams covering modern diplomacy, Saudi reforms, and gender inclusion in international relations.

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Inayatullah Khan Mashriqi, also known as Allama Mashriqi, proposed his own set of 14 points as an alternative framework to Quaid-e-Azam's 14 points. While Quaid’s points focused on the political rights of Muslims within a united India, Mashriqi's emphasized national revival through discipline, education, and social reform. This topic is important in Pakistan Studies exams for understanding ideological diversity during the freedom movement.

Australia–China relations became particularly tense after Australia called for an independent investigation into the origins of COVID-19, which was first identified in Wuhan. This led to diplomatic friction and the imposition of Chinese trade restrictions on Australian exports. Understanding such geopolitical tensions is important for international relations and current affairs exams, especially in topics related to global diplomacy and trade conflicts.

A total of 29 Surahs in the Holy Quran commence with Haroof-e-Muqataat—disjointed or abbreviated letters like Alif-Laam-Meem. These unique letter combinations appear at the beginning of certain chapters and their meanings are known only to Allah. This topic is significant for Islamic Studies exams and helps students understand the stylistic and miraculous aspects of Quranic revelation.

Primary producers refer to organisms that generate their own food through photosynthesis, serving as the foundation of most food chains. Green plants and algae are the most common examples because they convert sunlight into energy-rich compounds. This concept is essential in biology and environmental science, especially when studying ecosystems, food chains, and energy flow.

Article 370 of the Indian Constitution originally granted autonomous status to the region of Jammu and Kashmir. It allowed the state to have its own constitution and decision-making power in all areas except defense, foreign affairs, finance, and communications. This article was a pivotal provision in India’s constitutional framework until its abrogation in August 2019, making it a vital topic for exams on current affairs and constitutional law.

Batman Dam is located in Turkey and is built on the Batman River, which is a tributary of the Tigris River. It plays a crucial role in hydroelectric power generation and irrigation in southeastern Turkey. Knowing about important dams and their geographic locations is essential for general knowledge and competitive exams, especially in questions related to global geography and infrastructure.

The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for global public health. Its headquarters is located in Geneva, Switzerland. Established in 1948, WHO plays a key role in coordinating international health activities, combating diseases, and promoting health and well-being worldwide. This information is frequently tested in general knowledge and current affairs exams.

In May 2021, the Sayed Al-Shuhada School in Kabul, Afghanistan, was tragically attacked, resulting in the deaths of dozens of students, most of whom were young girls. The attack drew global condemnation and highlighted the ongoing challenges to education and security in conflict-prone areas. For exam preparation, it is crucial to remember such key incidents tied to international humanitarian issues and regional stability.

MS Excel is a widely used spreadsheet application included in the Microsoft Office suite. It allows users to organize, format, and calculate data using rows and columns. Excel is extensively used in data analysis, accounting, and office productivity. Remembering its primary function as a spreadsheet tool is important for computer-based general knowledge questions in exams.

Pakistan faces major challenges in allocating funds for public welfare because a large portion of its budget is consumed by foreign debt servicing. These payments restrict the government's financial flexibility, affecting areas like education, health, and poverty reduction. For exam prep, it's crucial to understand how economic constraints limit public development in Pakistan.

Pakistan Military Academy (PMA), commonly referred to as Kakul Military Academy, is located in Abbottabad, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. It is the premier training institute for officers of the Pakistan Army. Candidates should remember this location as it is frequently asked in general knowledge and armed forces-related MCQs in competitive exams.

Nagorno-Karabakh is a long-disputed region primarily between Armenia and Azerbaijan. Though internationally recognized as part of Azerbaijan, the region has a significant ethnic Armenian population and has seen multiple conflicts over its control. This MCQ is frequently included in international affairs and current world issues sections of competitive exams.

This famous definition of health was articulated by the World Health Organization (WHO). It emphasizes that health is more than just being free from illness—it includes total physical, mental, and social wellness. Understanding this concept is crucial for public health exams and general knowledge, especially for questions related to global health bodies and their foundational principles.

The correct answer is “who” because it is a relative pronoun used for people. This sentence is an example of a defining relative clause, where “who” refers back to “the woman” and gives essential information about her. In grammar-related MCQs, it’s important to know how and when to use relative pronouns like who, which, that, and whose to construct proper academic English sentences.

Wisdom teeth, also known as third molars, generally erupt between the ages of 17 and 30. These are the last permanent teeth to appear and often require removal if there isn’t enough space in the jaw. In biology or general science MCQs, knowing the common age range for dental development is important for understanding human anatomy and health patterns.

Tbilisi is the capital and largest city of Georgia, a country located at the crossroads of Eastern Europe and Western Asia. It is situated on the banks of the Kura River and has a rich cultural and historical heritage. Questions about world capitals are frequent in general knowledge exams, so remembering capitals like Tbilisi helps with scoring well in international affairs and geography sections.

Russia launched a large-scale military attack on Ukraine in February 2022, leading to one of the most significant conflicts in Europe in recent history. This war has impacted global politics, economies, and humanitarian conditions. For exam preparation, knowing such major international developments is crucial as they are commonly featured in current affairs and general knowledge sections.

The CPU (Central Processing Unit) is often referred to as the "brain" or core of a computer because it performs all the instructions and calculations that allow the system to function. It processes input, executes commands, and controls other hardware. Understanding the role of the CPU is essential for computer-related MCQs in exams, especially those testing basic IT knowledge.