PPSC Tehsildar/Consoldation Officer BS-16 2021 Morning Paper Solved

In MS Excel, “AVG” is not a valid function. The correct function used for calculating the average is “AVERAGE”. Students should memorize proper function names in Excel as many incorrect short forms appear in exams to confuse. Understanding function syntax improves your spreadsheet handling in practical work.

The Home key instantly moves the cursor to the beginning of the current line in most word processors. This shortcut enhances navigation speed, especially in long documents. Learning such key shortcuts boosts productivity in MS Word and similar applications during document editing tasks.

A "Drop Cap" is a typographical style where the first letter of a paragraph is enlarged and dropped below the line. It's mainly used in books, magazines, and newspapers to attract attention. Understanding text formatting enhances document presentation for professional writing.

In MS Excel, pressing CTRL + Spacebar selects the entire column of the active cell. This shortcut is essential for efficient data manipulation and formatting. Practicing such shortcuts saves time while managing large datasets in Excel.

CTRL+L is a shortcut in MS Word that aligns the selected text to the left margin. Knowing formatting shortcuts like this helps in preparing well-structured and professional documents. These shortcuts are frequently tested in exams.

CTRL+T opens a new tab in web browsers like Internet Explorer, Chrome, and Firefox. Familiarity with browser shortcuts improves browsing efficiency and is often included in basic computer literacy tests.

The dollar sign ($) is used in Excel to create absolute references in formulas, locking rows or columns when copied. This is crucial for accurate calculations and cell referencing in spreadsheets.

Format Painter in PowerPoint is used to duplicate formatting from one part of the presentation and apply it to another. This feature ensures consistency in fonts, styles, and colors across slides.

By default, MS Word aligns text to the left margin. Understanding default settings in MS Word helps students structure their documents better without unnecessary formatting adjustments.

Gmail, Hotmail, and Yahoo Mail are all popular email clients that provide platforms for sending and receiving emails. Recognizing various email service providers is essential for basic digital literacy.

HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language, which is the standard language for designing web pages. It structures the content and elements like text, images, and links. Understanding HTML is foundational for web development and is often the first step in learning to build websites.

The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor is designed to reduce China's reliance on long maritime routes like the Caribbean Sea by providing direct land access through Pakistan to the Arabian Sea. This strategic route enhances trade and energy transport efficiency for China and Pakistan.

Frogs breathe using both lungs and skin, a process known as cutaneous respiration. However, lungs are the primary organ for breathing when frogs are on land. This dual method of respiration allows them to survive in both aquatic and terrestrial environments.

The Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) consists of 57 member countries, making it the second-largest inter-governmental organization after the UN. It focuses on promoting solidarity among Muslim-majority nations and supports political, economic, and social cooperation.

Syed Amir Ali founded the Central Muhammadan Association in 1877 in Calcutta. It aimed to represent Muslim interests during British rule and laid groundwork for future Muslim political movements. His efforts were crucial in the socio-political awakening of Indian Muslims.

Abdulla Shahid is a diplomat from the Maldives who served as the President of the 76th session of the United Nations General Assembly. His leadership highlights the role of small nations in global diplomacy and multilateral affairs at the UN level.

Frogs primarily breathe through their lungs when on land, and through their moist skin in water. This biological adaptation enables them to thrive in diverse environments, making them excellent subjects for studying amphibian physiology.

Sunlight takes about 8 minutes and 20 seconds to reach Earth from the Sun, covering a distance of around 150 million kilometers. This speed of light travel time is a basic fact in astronomy and helps in understanding solar and planetary dynamics.

Japan is an island nation located in East Asia. It is part of the Asian continent and is known for its technological advancements, rich culture, and economic strength. Japan plays a significant role in both regional and global geopolitics.

Ahmad Shah Abdali, also known as Ahmad Shah Durrani, was born in Multan (not Lahore). He later founded the Durrani Empire and is regarded as the founder of modern Afghanistan. His invasions significantly influenced the political landscape of 18th-century South Asia.

Russia was barred from global sports competitions due to a state-sponsored doping program exposed by international investigations. The ban included events like the Olympics and World Cup. However, Russian athletes could compete under a neutral flag if proven clean. This major scandal had significant implications for international sports ethics and fairness.

Edwin Powell Hubble is considered the forerunner of modern cosmology due to his discovery that the universe is expanding. This groundbreaking work led to the development of the Big Bang Theory. Hubble's observations fundamentally changed our understanding of the cosmos and continue to influence space science today.

On the Day of Judgment, the first question a believer will be asked is about Namaz (Salah). It is considered the most important act of worship in Islam after the declaration of faith. Performing Namaz properly and regularly is crucial, as it forms the foundation of a Muslim's daily spiritual life.

Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah addressed the first session of Pakistan’s Constituent Assembly on 11 August 1947. In his historic speech, he laid out the principles of governance for the new nation, emphasizing justice, equality, and religious freedom. This address is a cornerstone of Pakistan's political history.

Orbital velocity is the speed needed for a satellite to maintain a stable orbit around Earth. It ensures that the gravitational pull is perfectly balanced by the satellite's motion. This concept is vital in aerospace engineering and satellite communications. Different altitudes require different orbital speeds.

The Mongol leader Halaku Khan seized Baghdad in 1258 AD, marking the end of the Abbasid Caliphate. The invasion led to mass destruction and a significant loss of life, making it a tragic turning point in Islamic history. This event deeply affected the cultural and political landscape of the Muslim world.

The pistil is the female reproductive part of a flower, consisting of the stigma, style, and ovary. It plays a central role in pollination and seed formation. Understanding plant anatomy is essential for studies in botany, biology, and environmental sciences.

The second Islamic Summit Conference of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) was conducted in 1974 in Lahore, Pakistan. It was a significant event where Muslim nations discussed unity, economic cooperation, and political challenges. This summit enhanced Pakistan’s diplomatic stature in the Muslim world.

Hazrat Umar Bin Abdul Aziz RA is regarded as the fifth rightly guided Caliph due to his pious and just rule. Although from the Umayyad dynasty, his leadership mirrored that of the Khulafa-e-Rashideen. His reforms and governance reflect high moral standards in Islamic history.

The Jallianwala Bagh massacre took place in 1919 when British officer General Dyer ordered troops to fire on a peaceful gathering in Amritsar, India. Hundreds were killed and injured. This brutal incident sparked widespread outrage and became a turning point in India's struggle for independence.

The Donbass region, located in eastern Ukraine, is a disputed area primarily involving Ukraine and Russia. The conflict intensified in 2014 following Russia’s annexation of Crimea, with pro-Russian separatists declaring independence in parts of Donetsk and Luhansk. This area remains a hotspot in geopolitics and international affairs exams.

Pakistan Standard Time (PST) is GMT+5, meaning it is five hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time. This time zone is consistent throughout the country and does not observe daylight saving time. Understanding time zones is essential for both geography and current affairs sections in competitive exams.

The Sun makes up approximately 99.86% of the total mass of our solar system, leaving only a tiny fraction for planets, moons, asteroids, and other bodies. This fact highlights the Sun’s dominance and is key information for science and space-related exam topics.

Red blood cells (RBCs) have an average lifespan of about 120 days. After this period, they are broken down in the spleen and liver. This biological process is a fundamental concept in human physiology and frequently appears in science-related MCQs.

Greenland is the world’s largest island that is not considered a continent, covering over 2.1 million square kilometers. Despite its size, it has a sparse population and remains largely covered in ice. This fact is often tested in geography-based exams.

Liaquat Ali Khan presented the Objective Resolution in 1949, which laid the foundation for Pakistan’s constitutional framework. It declared that sovereignty belongs to Allah and outlined principles for future constitutions. This topic is crucial in Pakistan Studies exams.

No cricketer has scored a century in both ODI and Test matches on debut. While many have scored centuries on their debut in either format, achieving this in both is an extremely rare feat and has not been accomplished yet. This makes it a common trick question in sports current affairs.

Benazir Bhutto served as Prime Minister of Pakistan for the second time starting in 1993. Her leadership during this term focused on economic reforms and women's rights. Knowledge of her tenure is important for political history in Pakistan-related exams.

Hazrat Usman RA is known as "Zulnorain," which means "The Possessor of Two Lights," because he married two daughters of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) — Ruqayyah and then Umm Kulthum. This title is important for Islamic history-related MCQs.

Hazrat Ibrahim AS is honored with the title “Khalil Ullah,” meaning “Friend of Allah,” due to his strong faith and unwavering obedience. This epithet is frequently tested in Islamic Studies papers, particularly in questions on prophets and their virtues.

MS Word documents are saved with the .docx extension, a standard format since Microsoft Office 2007. This format supports text, images, and formatting options. Recognizing file formats like .ppt (PowerPoint) and .jpg (image) is essential for basic computer literacy exams.

Hazrat Amna (RA), the mother of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), passed away in a place called Abwa while returning from a visit to Madinah. Knowing such key events from the Prophet’s life is important for Islamic Studies preparation.

The Quran was revealed in four main stages, beginning with the initial revelation in the Cave of Hira and continuing over 23 years. Understanding the process and stages of revelation is crucial for answering questions about the compilation and transmission of the Quran.

China launched the “Sky Eye” (FAST Telescope), the world’s largest single-dish radio telescope, to study cosmic signals and search for extraterrestrial life. This reflects advancements in space science and is often featured in current science-related MCQs.

Dr. Abdus Salam was the first Pakistani to receive a Nobel Prize in Physics in 1979 for his work in theoretical physics. Remembering notable Pakistani figures in science and international recognition is vital for general knowledge and current affairs exams.

The Mand-Pishin border crossing was inaugurated in April 2021 to boost bilateral trade and connectivity between Pakistan and Iran. Knowing key infrastructure developments and border relations is essential for current affairs-based MCQs.

Stainless steel is an alloy composed mainly of iron, carbon, and chromium. Its resistance to rust and corrosion makes it widely used in construction and manufacturing. Basic material science questions like this are frequent in science exams.

Antonio Guterres is from Portugal and has been serving as the Secretary-General of the United Nations since 2017. Awareness of global leadership figures is a key component in preparing for international current affairs questions.

Imam Bukhari’s full name is Muhammad bin Ismail, a renowned Islamic scholar famous for compiling the hadith collection Sahih al-Bukhari. Questions on Islamic scholars' real names are common in Islamic Studies MCQs.

Turkey assisted Pakistan in resolving the Karkey Rental Power dispute at the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID). Understanding such diplomatic and legal matters is important for preparing for current affairs exams.

The longest verse in the Quran is Ayat al-Dayn (verse of debt) found in Surah Al-Baqarah, verse 282. It deals with financial contracts and documentation, showcasing the Quran’s guidance on practical life matters. Such facts are important for Islamic Studies exams.